Superconductivity

Dangerous Radiation From Hidden Cell Phone Towers

2009-12-11T06:01:00.001-08:00

By Ted Twietmeyer

8-7-4

Most people are unware of the Radio Frequency (RF) radiation they are exposed to. Radiation is usually associated with radium, weapons, medical treatments, nuclear power plants and smoke detectors. Before we discuss covert cell towers and other numerous radiating antennas being installed with impunity, we should review the RF spectrum. This will be helpful in understanding how the radio spectrum affects us. We will not discuss HAARP, which is in itself a unique area of the radio spectrum in the shortwave band.

There are essentially TWO types of harmful radiation (not including light such as ultraviolet):

A. GOVT. CONTROLLED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES: Power plants, smoke detectors, medical treatment sources, etc...

B. UNCONTROLLED RF EXPOSURE: Radio Frequency devices of many types. The RD spectrum is regulated by the FCC in America, and other similar regulatory agencies that exist in other countries around the world through international radio agreements. Yet most of them appear to be very unconcerned about health effects.

We will concentrate on the latter in this esay - UNCONTROLLED RF EXPOSURE. RF signals are without a doubt an invisible form of pollution. Most people see a smokestack smoking and scream "OH ! Look at that pollution !" But as we will see, this is not really the most immediate, serious health hazard. What IS known about RF, is that unhealthy effects from it are related to an almost infinte combination of each of the five following factors:

1. FREQUENCY - Certain frequencies are absorbed in the body more than others. For example, the new riot control weapons the Pentagon have operates in the Super-High Frequency (SHF) region. This frequency is about 15 times higher than a conventional microwave oven. Although SHF is not absorbed into the skin, it boils perspiration on the skin causing pain.

2. DURATION - How long you are exposed to the radiation, or how long the transmitter is "on."

3. DISTANCE - How close you are to the antenna. Energy levels decrease with the square of the distance.

4. POWER LEVEL - What the strength of the signal is. This is measured in microwatts, milliwatts and watts. One microwatt is a millionth of a watt, One milliwatt is one-thousandth of a watt. For example, 1,000 milliwatts is one watt.

Cell phone power levels are often in the 100 milliwatt to 4 watt class. In the past, older bag type cell phones people carried around, were up near 4 watts of power. Getting a strong signal was no problem. Today's pocket cell phones are in the 100 milliwatt area. Reducing the power goes with size reduction and a smaller battery. This also reduces cell size, which actually is beneficial
as I'll explain latter.

5. SUSCEPTABILITY - Like tobacco smoke, you cannot tell if you will or will not become ill from RF exposure. But RF heating of body tissues and possible DNA alteration (mutation) happens to 100% of the people exposed to RF. The amount of heating is determined by a combination of the four factors above. The immune system is responsible for cleaning up mutant DNA. But can the immune system clean it out all the defective DNA and dead cells, and do this indefinitely ? Modern medical science knows there are limits to how much of an assault on the body the immune system can deal with.

WHY RF IS SIMILAR TO RADIOACTIVITY

For those familiar with radiation exposure hazards, the striking parallels to radioactivity are obvious here. RF Frequency is similar to the radiation type, like Alpha, Beta or Gamma. In fact, each of these particles move as a frequency above that of ultraviolet light, and are actually composed of high speed particles. Each of the particle types affects the human body and systems in different ways. RF power level is like the number of particles per second of a radioactive source. Both duration and distance also translate into the realm of radiation exposure.

We know that certain radioactive particles from Alpha particle emitters cause the most damage to lung cells when inhaled. Alpha particle ionizing radiation alters DNA in cells, and can create pre-cursor changes leading to cancer. Tissues and structures in the body that appear on scans and x-rays are sometimes diagnosed as a "pre-cancerous condition" by doctors. Older camping mantle lanterns were very radioactive, because they were made from the element thorium. (The author of this paper found such a radioactive mantle in an older propane lantern. It is believed that most of these are now off the market.)

The reason for discussing the above subject, is to show that anything which alters cellular DNA can be extremely unhealthy. And this is both nuclear radiation and RF. There are also chemical and effects from ultraviolet as well.

THE RF SPECTRUM - WHAT DIFFERENT RF FREQUENCIES DO TO THE HUMAN BODY

For our European friends, please note that all the frequencies referenced below are for the American and Canadian radio spectrum. The lowest frequencies are radio waves, that are actually the same as frequencies as the audio sound which comes out of your speakers. This called VLF, or Very Low Frequency. These waves have wavelengths measured in thousands of miles. They pass through the body without damage.

Commercial AM radio signals, use waves that are also quite long and pass through the body with relative ease. These are also waves, whose wavelengths are measured in hundreds of feet. Shortwave signals are also very long, and this part of the spectrum reaches up to a part of the miltary band, located below TV channel 2.

Decades ago, people could go to a doctor for aches and pains and be treated with a Diathermy machine. This machine was essentially a shortwave radio transmitter, and operated with a curved antenna that fits the human body. When placed against the skin, the antenna radiated energy that was absorbed deep in the body's tissues. A sufficient power level of RF energy will cause currents of electricity to flow in these tissues, thereby creating warmth. These machines are probably outlawed by now and died a quiet death in America. RF energy causes molecules to collide with one another creating heat. This occurs in tisuues like muscles, as well as blood.
FM stations (located in the radio band near TV channel 6) and over the air television channels 2 through 13 are all in the VHF band. These signals can also pass through the human body without harm. These waves are measured in several feet.
When you look at any TV antenna, multiply the width of the antenna by four, and that will be the wavelength of the wave from the TV transmitter. Hence the term 1/4 wavelength, which is a design rule for most antennas.

Television channels 14 through 83 are in the UHF region. Channel 83 is actually just below analog cell phone frequencies. Progammable police scanners scan police channels that are very close to cell phone frequencies.
(Privacy laws force scanners to block the cell phone band. )

WHERE DOES MICROWAVE BEGIN ?

We are now entering the realm where RF begins to affect the human body at a distance. It is generally considered that any frequency above TV channel 83 is microwave. There is a "fuzzy" line between microwave and non-microwave radio signals. In fact, the upper channels of the UHF band in America are considered the near microwave band. Radio signals operating with short wavelengths measured in centimeters, can increase the temperature of water and tissues at a distance. Although most people equate this only with microwave ovens, this effects happens at lower frequencies. Complex proteins present in blood also break down into toxic materials. These invisible, toxic compounds can cause increasing muscle, joint and nerve pain in people over time as toxins build up in the body. Alteration of proteins and toxin generation not only happens to the body when exposed to RF, but also to food in microwave ovens. Many people have put their microwave ovens on the curb, when they discovered their pain was linked to microwaved food. The effects of microwaved food on the immune system are largely unexplored by mainstream science,
but are well known by those that suffer from them.

In reality, Diathermy treatments work on the same principle that microwave ovens operate on, except that microwave ovens use higher power levels and higher frequencies. In later years after Diathermy became popular, it was found that higher RF frequencies allowed heating at a distance, without direct electrode contact. The story about the microwave oven invention is that it was discovered by accident, by an engineer working in an electronics lab. He found the radiation from the equipment melted a candy bar in his pocket. Amana is credited with building and selling the first commonly available oven - the infamous RadarRange. The discovery reminds one of the sticky-note origin story. Another accidental discovery - found while 3M was trying to create a better adhesive..

For many years, everyone treated microwaves as nothing to be concerned about. No one learned from the lessons of Madam and Pierre Curie who tinkered with radium a century ago, and died from radiation poisoning. Remember the comparison of RF with radioactiviting above ? Several decades ago, a man walked past the front of a telephone relay dish on the roof of a building. He suffered no immediate ill effects, but died some days later in the hospital as his organs began to fail. His organs had absorbed the microwave radiation, and were permanently and fatally damaged. He was essentially cooked and didn't know it. If he has walked past a sufficient amount of Plutonium, the same thing would happen but in a different way. He would have still died.

RADIATION BY ANY OTHER NAME IS STILL RADIATION

Today, ALL microwave transmitting dishes and antennas must have radiation stickers on them, if people can become near them. Located on the front nose-cone of aircraft are small warning stickers if they have radar. THe radar MUST be turned off when the aircraft is on the ground, as it is hazardous to ground personnel. Warning stickers use the universal radiation warning symbol, of three triangles inside a circle. This the identical symbol used for radioactive materials. Many in the armed forces know the stories and often unpleasant fate of those that unknowingly walked in front of operating aircraft radar.

C band microwave remote uplink trucks used at sports events use power levels typically on the order of 120 watts. Fortunately all the RF energy is pointed upwards towards a satellite more than 22,000 miles away.

Now with all that said, how are WE being irradiated ? The effects of low level radiation are only now beginning to be understood\
from the efforts of lab research around the world.

There are a number of RF frequencies the FCC has set aside, that have unlimited civilian use. Although related unlicensed transmitter operation is usually limited to short range digital devices like garage door openers and cordless phones, low level RF may have a cumulative effect that is not yet understood. For a more in-depth look at complex microwave frequency allocation assignment by the FCC see [6].

Here is a quick list of common sources of radiation:

1. CELL PHONES - Here the antenna is very close to the brain, and many studies have been done on this. Recent studies done in Europe show that tumors can be induced in rats, which are exposed to the same power levels and distances that normal cell phone users are from the phone's antenna.

2. CORDLESS PHONES - In reality, these are as detrimental as cell phones because they operate near the microwave frequencies of cell phones (microwave.) In some ways, they could be worse than cell phones because many people spend more time on these.

3. GARAGE DOOR OPENERS - A source of radiation when the button is pressed.

4. WIRELESS PDAs and NOTEBOOK COMPUTERS - These work very much like cell phones, with the same potential effects.

5. MICROWAVE ALARM SYSTEM SENSORS - This is one area NO ONE talks about. These are common in homes and businesses. Although the power level is in the microwatt realm, one may sit exposed to it all day, every day, sometimes just a few feet away. Again, think about it in terms of exposure time vs. energy levels.

6. BLUE TOOTH WIRELESS DEVICES - Operate in the lower microwave region.

7. WIRELESS VIDEO CAMERAS - Operate in the microwave region above analog cell phones.

8. TV EXTENDERS - Used to transmit video and sound without wires from one room to another in a home. These also operate
in the microwave region above analog cell phones.

9. SATELLITES - Walk outside, anywhere, and you will be bombarded with RF from satellites, both civilian and military. If you could visibly "see" these sources, you would see points of "light" from the 22,500 mile high Clarke belt of stationary satellites. This belt of satellites rise from the western horizon and arcs across the sky to the east. There will also be hundreds of moving lights in the sky from lower geosynchronous orbits. Some of these are also satellites the military uses that send signals to earth, too. Many military satellites have high-powered optical sensors, with huge telephoto lenses that watch everything from orbit. These satellites orbit about 200 miles up and contrary to public belief, can actually read a newspaper headline from orbit. The portrayal of distant fuzzy images as seen in "Patriot Games" is far from the truth. And these satellites bombard the earth with more RF radiation as they send their data to earth.

10. POLICE RADIOS - Police officers now have antennas on their microphones, also have a similar risk to that of cell phone users since the antenna is located near the head. There is also radiation from the antennas on their vehicles, too.

11. WALKIE-TALKIE TYPE RADIOS - In decades past, business radios operated in the lower VHF band.
These were known as business band radios, and are still in use today. No known ill effects are known to have originated from these radios. Today's family channel radios operate in the 400Mhz UHF band, near TV channel 14.

12. DOOR OPENERS - Often used in grocery and discount stores, these open the door when you pass under a microwave motion detector. You pass directly under the unit when you enter or exit the store, receiving more microwave radiation.

13. SECURITY FOR STORES - Used in WalMart, video rental and other stores, these exit portals generate an RF field you are forced to walk through upon entering and exiting the store.The square "Be Kind Please Rewind" tag is often a tuned printed circuit behind the label, that will trigger the security system when passed through a portal at the exit. Libraries use a very similar system with thin resonanting devices slipped into the spine of books. These systems operate in the lower microwave band, allowing the use of small coils (or no coils at all) because of the high frequencies employed.

14. CELL TOWERS - Last but not least, cell tower antennas which operate at power levels of about 10 watts FOR EACH ANTENNA on the tower. Some use higher wattage than that. These directional antennas divide a geographical area into cells of service.

There are many more toys, products and devices too numerous to mention here. We are immersed in a virtual SEA of RF energy, with cell towers as one of the strongest continuous sources of RF energy.

MORE ABOUT CELL PHONES

When you turn your cell phone on, the cell phone company carrier you have uses a computer network connected to all the cell towers, to invisibly command your phone to change to an available frequency. This is why numerous people can talk in a given cell phone area and not hear one another. When a cell phone is on, it transmits frequently to notify the phone company it is actually on. As you walk or drive, the cell system determines signal strength and switches you connection to another tower near you. Even when you are not talking, the phone can still radiate energy. If you have it in your shirt or pants pocket or on your belt, body tissues around the antenna on the phone are being irradiated with RF energy. This is an inescapable fact.

Since this is a multi-billion dollar industry, it's very unlikely the public will be told about the health hazards of cell phones. This is about as likely as the public being properly informed about microwave oven risks. As you read on, you'll see the similarities between the two microwave based technologies.

COVERT ANTENNAS

The closer to a radiating antenna you are, the higher the health risk there is. In an effort to increase channel availability for the increasing number of cell phone users, cells have to be made smaller. These are often known as microcells. In the past, cell towers typically covered a 10 mile cell. Microcells today are often less than one mile, depending on local population size. More towers are required to be assured a cell phone will get a channel when talk is pressed, or when someone answers a cell phone.

In 2002, industry officials stated that there were more than 128,000 cell towers across America. About 25% of these were hidden towers, and the remaining number of them were traditional types. [1] Keep in mind that cell tower density is directly connected to population density. There are still parts of North America where no cell towers exist, because population density makes them economically unfeasable.

There is a map showing cell tower proliferation. Althought the paper is four years old, it details graphically the density and distribution of cell towers across America at that time, which has greatly increased. [2]

Antennas come in many forms, including trees, cactus, gas station signs and even replacement church steeples Below are some photos of hidden cell towers manufactured by the Larson Company:

PICTURES OF COVERT ANTENNAS

Antennas come in many forms, including trees, cactus, gas station signs and even replacement church steeples Below are nine photos of hidden cell towers manufactured by the Larson Company:

A "PINE TREE" THAT SUPPORTS 6 CELL PHONE CARRIERS EACH RING ON THE TREE, IS A CARRIER ANTENNA CLUSTER

ANOTHER "PINE TREE"(And you thought fake Christmas Trees were bad !)

CELL PHONE EQUIPMENT HIDDEN IN FAKE

"BOULDER"SAME "BOULDER" OPENED UP

35' TALL SAQUARO CACTUS ANTENNA

Located in Southern CA.

GRAIN SILO

' PRAISE THE LORD AND PASS THE RADIATION ! '

A money-making lease for a church at Redwood City, CA.

WATER TOWER ANTENNA

(Hooterville, USA ?)

SUNSET PALMS

We can't ignore Local Area Network (LAN) antennas.

These are also a source of radiation, very similar to that of cell towers.

Below is a picture from Mobile Mark's website of their office LAN antenna product. This is a local area network antenna that is ceiling mounted in an office area. What's a few more milliwatts among friends ? How would you like your desk right underneath this omni-directional antenna ? Would you volunteer to sit under it all day, every day ?

VIRTUAL BRICKS FOR FIBERGLAS TOWER STRUCTURES

(Beautifying your healthful RF exposure)

U.K. GASOLINE STATION SIGNS - IN AMERICA NEXT ?

Antenna is inside the vertical sign with the Shell logo

JOLLY OLD ENGLAND IS IRRADIATED AS WELL

In England, angry mobs of people have torn down these gas station signs (like the one shown above) they learned to have cell antennas inside. When they asked workmen installing an antenna, "what are you doing ?" the answer was "you don't want to know." There are news stories in the past, of people that loosen bolts at night and bring down such towers. In America, antenna arrays are very often hidden in plain, white tapered church steeples in suburban areas. A custom built, modernized fiberglass copy of the original wooden church steeple is lowered into place with a crane, complete with antennas already inside. Cell equipment is also hidden from public view. But the radiation is still there.

Micro-cell anternnas are designed to serve a small cell area. These antennas are not 100 feet or more high like common cell towers in America, but often just 10 to 20 feet above the ground. However, these antennas also radiate microwave RF energy closer to people, too. Someone could stand or work beside such an antenna and not realize the effect it may have on them. Many are hidden in church steeple replacements, including Big-Ben-like structures, complete with working clocks on each of the four faces.

Workmen installing a near ground level antenna inside a sign (like the Shell station sign shown above) have people ask "what are you doing ?" The answer they heard was "you don't want to know." There are numerous UK news stories of people that loosen bolts and bring down such towers. In America, antenna arrays are very often hidden plain, white tapered churc steeples in suburban areas. Just out of reach for the public. [3]

CELL PHONE RADIATION STUDIES

In general, all of us MUST keep in mind that the human body is an electrical system. It will be, and is affected by, outside RF energy fields that can promote unwanted nerve stimulation, cancer, heating effects, and many other unwanted effects.

A comparison table for telephone effective radiation head exposure has been developed to provide reference values. [4] This value varies considerably for dozens of different cell phone models tested. DNA breakdown is among the most disturbing findings of studies done, which can lead to illness and tumors. There are now new links to brain cancer being uncovered as you read this. There is new concern over those that wear cell phones on their belts, because of the close proximity of the antenna to kidneys. The liver which can rebuild itself to some degree after being damaged, but your kidneys cannot.

One notices that RF exposure studies in the media from Europe are much more common and considerably more vocal than those done in America. Publishing negative study results in North America will have a negative effect on the billion dollar market, and subsequently affect stock in cell phone companies. Cell companies have managed to keep the lid nailed shut on the box, in so far as mainstream media are concerned, but this can only last for so long. I personally was not convinced of the damage potential of low level RF radiation for more than 20 years. That is, until reading a number of test results, all saying very much the same thing

about observed detrimental effects on living organisms.

At least one such study [5] on health effects was done in Australia. Note the usual scientific cautiousness expressed here, even though other studies have linked RF exposure to tumor growth. Its interesting to note the scientist's other comments, that thermal temperature can increase the negative effects of RF exposure:

EXTRACT START:

"Researchers in Australia have reported one of the first scientific hypotheses that normal mobile phone use can lead to cancer. The research group, lead by radiation expert Dr Peter French, principal scientific officer at the Centre for Immunology Research at St Vincent's Hospital in Sydney, said that mobile phone frequencies well below current safety levels could stress cells in a way that has been shown to increased susceptibility to cancer.

The paper, published in the June issue of the science journal Differentiation, says that repeated exposure to mobile phone radiation acts as a repetitive stress, leading to continuous manufacture of heat shock proteins within cells.

Heat shock proteins are always present in cells at a low level, but are manufactured in larger amounts when the cell is stressed by heat or other environmental factors. They repair other proteins that are adversely affected by the conditions, and are part of the cell's normal reaction to stress. However, if they are produced too often or for too long, they are known to initiate cancer and increase resistance to anti-cancer drugs.

No link shown - Dr. French emphasised that no link has yet seen shown between the specific biological effects of mobile phone radiation and cancer, but that there was now a theoretical framework for such an effect that could be investigated. His previous work has included showing that the production of histamine, a chemical involved in asthma, can be nearly doubled after exposure to cellular frequencies.

To date, most safety levels have been set on the assumption that damage is caused by heating effects of radio waves in human tissue, much higher than the levels at which Dr French claims heat shock proteins are triggered.

His co-authors include Professor Ron Penny, the director of the Centre and one of Australia's leading experts in the cellular effects of HIV, and Professor David McKenzie, head of applied physics at Sydney University."

EXTRACT END

SO WHAT IS THE TRUTH ?

And even though numerous studies exist that prove the negative effects of low level RF fields on the human body, still there also those that claim no negative effects exist. So which is true ? The more realistic studies are those that actually simulate human conditions, where rats in a cage were exposed to the same frequencies, power level and distance from the antenna as people are. Changes to their brain structure were observed after necropsies (animal autopsies) were performed.

This is the type of science that ALL researchers should concentrate on - duplicating human cell phone conditions. People often mistakenly still think that since they are not talking on the phone, it isn't transmitting. To prove this, all one needs to do is to call a phone from another phone, and then call it when its off. Cell systems ping the phone whenever someone calls it even if they don't answer, as well as perdiodically pinging it (covert tracking) even when no one is using it. Pinging commands the phone's transmitter circuits power up and respond, which subsequently generates microwave radiation. The user has no control over these operations if the phone is in standby. Many newer phones today cannot be turned off, unless the battery pack is removed. This does not disable the satellite tracking chip however.

CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENTARY

We are being relentlessly bombarded both indoors and outdoors by many different forms of radiation. As more and more cell phones proliferate like reproducing rabbits out of control, radio bandwidth and channel limitations force companies to add more microcells. Many towers in cities will become obsolete, as these will serve too large of an area. The towers will be most likely converted to other mind control and tracking tasks we won't discuss here. Microcells are worse for humans as these directly result in more RF radiation, as a result of being located closer to people at ground level. There are no other options to keep the cell network operating, because of the limited nature of cell phone technology. Unfortunately the average person won't care, as long as their phone works when they pick it up. Increased RF exposure will inevitably lead to more illness from compromised immune systems, nervous system, brain disorders, organ problems, tumors and cancer.

This problem is very much like cancer. An interesting fact about cancer is that everyone has a different susceptability to it. Some people can smoke their entire lives and not become ill, yet live to be 99 years old. Others cannot. Some can drink hard alcohol their entire lives and never have health problems, while others cannot. Cell phone radiation susceptability will likely inevitably prove to be this way. The studies show that RF radiation exposure can be just as harmful as smoking. People using cell phones and wearing them daily like jewelry should keep that in mind. Pagers are harmless, because they do not emit radiation (unless it is a two-way pager.)

The problem is you don't know how susceptable your body is until its too late. Do you want to wait to find out the hard way ? Is your life and health insurance current ?

All the time we see cell phone foolishness. People often chuckle, sneer and shake their heads at those hooked on cigarettes standing outside stores, puffing away and working hard to accomplish heart attacks, strokes and cancer. These same laughing people then go into a store and place a call on their cell phone, to irradiate themselves.

You hear can easily overhear highly intellectual conversations like this one in a store, while watching people PAYING to irradiate themselves. (Doesn't this remind you of smoking ? Paying to become deathly ill ?)

Here's one conversation I heard:

"I'm entering the store now......

I'm going down the aisle to where they keep 'em.....

Yup, I can see it now.....

Yes, they have one....

Going to the checkout now to stand in line.....

.......... see you later. Bye."

Its hard to imagine anything more pointless. Somewhere a computer generates the "ching-ching" sound of a cash register, as this highly intellectual discussion just billed their account another dollar or more. They would actually get a better return on their money, if while driving down the road they rolled down the window and tossed the money out. Why a better return ? Because it won't destroy their health ! Personally, I don't own a cell phone, have no interest in owning one, and take comfort to know that when I pick up a PAYPHONE

the radiation level is ZERO.

And to add insult to injury - people are PAYING BY THE MINUTE TO GET SICK ! Imagine it ! Yet the average person doesn't seem to want to connect A to B. It's always the same old tired reply from people - "it can't happen to me, it will happen to someone else, the other guy." People need to use mirrors more often because staring back at them is "the other guy !"

Children today can't seem to live without cell phones and pagers. This is so pathetic. Many spend a large part of their part-time job income to pay their monthly cell phone bills. Or they con their parents into paying for these toys they don't need. What madness is this ? With cell phone expenses running for some people a couple thousand dollars a year, wouldn't this money be better spent on college tuition ? Or buying gold and silver for when the economy tanks ? When I grew up, none of us had these toys. In theaters today, childrens and adults alike ignore the pre-movie requests to turn them off. So thoughful they are of others, especially when they ring during a movie. It wouldn't do any good to tell them "what they can do with it" because you would only get a blank stare back. Ringing cell phones in restaurants and theaters are the real true form of hate speech.

If my generation has done anything to brainwash children into thinking they MUST have these toys, I apologize for that. Perhaps the Madison Ave and 5th Ave. yuppies did this to our children ? Or did they manage to just follow temptation ? We may never know. When my children were growing up, the phone/pager craze was just beginning when they were teenagers. When our son hinted at wanting a pager, I replied "FOR WHAT ?" No real answer was forthcoming. He just wanted one because others had one. We are talking about the future health of our children. It is they who must start becoming concerned about the ill effects caused by imitating others. And the effects of endless strings of cell towers that stretch to the horizon. Today's children must start taking responsibility for the future of THEIR America in every respect.

When we got into trouble as children and then claimed a friend lead us to do something wrong, many of us remember our parents asking us "if they jumped off a bridge, would you jump, too ?" So it is with cell phone use, and it began by thinking no one can live without one. Do we have wait for a major lawsuit award, where the plaintiff is sitting in a wheel chair slumped over from brain cancer proven to be caused by his cell phone to wake up ? By then it may be too late, because once you damage enough DNA it's only a matter of time. So just like cigarettes and excess alcohol consumption- perhaps the time to stop the increase in RF radiation is NOW. Right now, not tomorrow or the day after. NOW.

What will be next cell antennas - office chairs with LAN antennas inside them ? A new form of the proverbial "hot seat ?"

A different form of RF radiation is now causing some unusual effects on people. Very high frequency audible tones being heard by people all over the globe. What puts these sounds into the RF realm, is that they can be heard anywhere and are not directional. Our website is studying a number of odd scientific phenomena that few scientists (or no scientists at all) are studying. Some of these areas are not in mainstream science yet, but are real physical manifestations. Our non-profit website is unique, because we encourage public participation. For more information, please visit http://www.data4science.net

REFERENCES

[1] http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2002/Dec/10/ln/ln12a.html

[2] http://www.stealthsite.com/whats_new/press/
GeoRev921_03-Wik_045-062.pdf (page 11)

[3] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2000/dot_life/2261039.stm

[4] http://www.bemi.se/founder/clips/cellularSAR.html

[5] http://zdnet.com.com/2100-11-530156.html?legacy=zdnn

[6]http://npstc.du.edu/documents/GuideWC/Part3(VerII).PDF

Update

From Ted Twietmeyer

8-10-4

I deeply appreciate the positive reviews of readers, and especially those who had to search for my email address. Rense readers consistently show they are quite up to date on the assault of our lives, both from misuse of technology and the increasing grip of the police state. My email address ( \n tedtw@frontiernet.net > tedtw@frontiernet.net ) was missing from the above article for unknown reasons. Many have sent me supportive comments and details about their trials and tribulations regarding cell phone and tower RF exposure. Some are horror stories indeed.

The commentary from Gary Chance above states that I did not address radioactive sources in the article. This was intentional as I pointed out early in the piece. Radioactivity is not the subject (or co-subject) of the article. Maintaining focus is important, as jumping subjects in mid-stream results in confusion. The only reason radioactivity was included, was to both make the distinction between two forms of radiation and also to show the similarities.

The issue of mind control is a very large subject indeed. I've addressed this in more than one previous essay here on Rense.com. The www.data4science.net website has an entire section dedicated to the high frequency tone everyone is hearing across the globe. This can originate from satellite, or more likley, ground wave transmissions. What IS important, is that the RF is present. One needs to ask - why must we be exposed to it ? This is the question everyone should be asking.

High frequency sound (about 14-18khz) can result in sleeplessness, irritability, concentration problems and other brain related matters. Not only does the nervous system function on microvolt and millivolt signals- so does the brain. Interference with these processes can do great damage to one's lifestyle and work.

A FINAL NOTE ABOUT INTERCEPTED EMAILS

Emails are being intercepted, and in some cases they are never delivered. Sometimes a simple email will not reach its intended destination at all. Interception is also related to content. There is considerable interference with the data4science.net website group e-letter updates.

We ask the people at NSA to cease and desist from interference in purely science-related matters. As I've said in previous articles - not only did they form the internet, but they STILL OWN AND OPERATE the actual internet routing computers located at secret sites around the USA.

Comment

From Patricia Stewart

8-8-4

Hi Jeff,

Just as Alzheimers has now acknowledged it has to retreat when nicotine is in the air, we have the not-too-recent news that Nicotine is the only known substance that will pinch-hit for the loss of the brain's Acetylcholine (secretion) that allows the brain-spark - the immediate loss noted on encephalograms when a cell-phone is brought close to the head.

Although I would use more the term "Pefect Feeling- Machines", without that brain-spark we are Wet Computers, - a fact now acknowledged and partly patented by Microsoft, for using the body as the Hardware, needing only a Monitor to show the knowledge in our own cells.(The Tunnel of Time we move through after Death? Perhaps.)

Without the brain-spark, we never lifted our heads to wonder why there was a full moon for 3 days last autumn; we don't mind that the sun was seen setting in different positions only a day apart; we shrug when the sun seems to rise, then disappears but starts rising again ... all is perfect.

Without the brain-spark there can be no "self"-reflection, and only the Drawer we call Logic which has been changed to a Drawer for rationality - 2 Densities below it.

Why the terrific campaigns against smoking?

Perhaps the reason is the same one that sends all able-bodied American men to a region where they can only return dying from effects of Depleted Uranium - to clean out all opposition possible by males, leaving the few pieces of society that will remain to be picked up by females, as always, after War.

Please have a medical person you trust investigate this action during an encephalogram, for we need information from those we trust. Let it be a consulting adult (without earrings) that shows the effect, an adult that smokes, so that the encephalogram can show this restoration of the spark.

Since such phones will be used regardless, please investigate if golden earrings disperse this deadly effect. We need help. We are looking for help. Thank you for your help.

Patricia.

Comment
From Gary D Chance
8-9-4

Dear Jeff

This was an interesting overview, but it does not address the most important threat. In the conclusion he writes about the towers which become obsolete:

"The towers will be most likely converted to other mind control and tracking tasks we won't discuss here."

In the begiinning he notes two kinds of radiation. This is the one he does not deal with:

"A. GOVT. CONTROLLED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES: Power plants, smoke detectors, medical treatment sources, etc..."

What he's doing is ignoring the far more serious threat from the abuse of electromagnetic radiation surveillance monitoring brain waves with a feedback activity. This is accomplished by satellite without any implants in the target. The unique brain wave halo pattern identifies each person.

The feedback process induces electromagnet radiation into the human being, e.g., hearing.

This is where the real threat exists because it is controlled and deliberately used maliciously. The ability to track and monitor totally anyone at anytime anywhere is now being used.

While addressing the proliferation of electromagnetic radiation consumer devices is important, the problem of brain wave monitoring and feedback surveillance is far more serious. It will be used to stop people like Ted Twietmeyer and yourself so that control of anything else will be moot.

Truth will become a thing of the past.

source: http://www.rense.com/general56/rad.htm

You Don't Deserve Brain Cancer - You Deserve The Facts

2009-12-10T05:57:00.000-08:00

By Amy Worthington
observer@coldreams.com
2-23-5

Some people appear to have an almost pathological emotional attachment to their cell phones and there is a fascinating suggestion that cell radiation pulses might actually be addictive to the human brain.. We can't save those who would rather die than switch. But ethics compelled us to ensure that all reasonable people have access to the basic scientific facts.

Your cell phone is a microwave transmitter and it should bear a cancer warning! Microwave energy oscillates at millions to billions of cycles per second. The Journal of Cellular Biochemistry reports that these frequencies cause cancer and other diseases by interfering with cellular DNA and its repairmechanisms. Microwave promotes rapid cell aging. Italian scientists have recently demonstrated that cell phone radiation makes cancerous cells grow aggressively. Cordless phones marked 900 megahertz or 2.4 gigahertz emit the same dangerous microwave radiation as cell phones.

The connection between microwave exposure and cancer has been documented for years. During the Cold War, the Soviets irradiated the U.S. Embassy in Moscow , Russia , with low level, twin-beam microwave radiation. Two successive ambassadors developed leukemia. Other staffers also developed cancer, or their blood showed DNA damage, which precedes cancer.

Research by University of Washington professor Dr. Henry Lai shows brain cells are clearly damaged by microwave levels far below the U.S. government's "safety" guidelines. Dr. Lai notes that even tiny doses of radio frequency can cumulate over time and lead to harmful effects. He warns that public exposure to radiation from wireless transmitters "should be limited to minimal."

Motorola advises consumers to avoid pointing a cellular antenna toward exposed parts of the body. But independent tests show that cell phones can also leak huge amounts of radiation from the keypad and mouthpiece. This radiation deeply penetrates brain, ear and eye tissues, which are especially susceptible to microwave damage. Belt clip cases allow cell phones to deliver radiation to the liver or kidney areas when a wired, hands-free earpiece is used.

Recent studies confirm that cell and cordless phone microwave can:

* Damage nerves in the scalp

* Cause blood cells to leak hemoglobin

* Cause memory loss and mental confusion

* Cause headaches and induce extreme fatigue

* Create joint pain, muscle spasms and tremors

* Create burning sensation and rash on the skin

* Alter the brain's electrical activity during sleep

* Induce ringing ! in the ears, impair sense of smell

* Precipitate cataracts, retina damage and eye cancer

* Open the blood-brain barrier to viruses and toxins

* Reduce the number and efficiency of white blood cells

* Stimulate asthma by producing histamine in mast cells

* Cause digestive problems and raise bad cholesterol levels

* Stress the endocrine system, especially pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, testes

In 1993, the telecom industry committed $25 million dollars for a series of research projects designed to prove that cell phones are safe. The studies proved just the opposite! They proved that federal microwave exposure standards are dangerously inadequate. Cell damage and tumors can be easily induced in the lab at about one third of the FCC's exposure guidelines.

The telecom boys panicked. They and their lackey politicians and federal regulators decided the only lucrative thing to do was to LIE and DENY. Despite damning evidence, the FDA still prevaricates:

"There is no reason to conclude that there are health risks posed by cell phones to consumers."

Meantime, the telecom industry has been pressing to INCREASE BY MORE THAN 10 TIMES the allowable human exposure to cell phone radiation!

Luckily, Dr. George Carlo headed up the industry's study project. He presents the shocking facts in his book, Cell Phones: Invisible Hazards in the Wireless Age: An Insider's Alarming Discoveries About Cancer and Genetic Damage (Carroll and Graf, 2001). A summary of Dr. Carlo's book is this: Cell phones are hot, adequate protective regulations are naught, and Americans are being "fried" so that the deceitful telecom industry can rake it in! It's dirty business as usual, and the longer the industry can con the public, the more billions it collects.

On June 16, 2002 , CBS aired a Sixty Minutes segment which confirmed the telecom industry is about as grungy as it gets. CBS producers accused major phone service providers of cheating, scamming, forging signatures, switching phone service without permission and lying about charges. The attorney general of Connecticut stated that despite millions of dollars in fines each year, these companies remain incorrigible. Should we be trusting this industry with our brain tissues and our very lives?

Microwave to the head is extremely hazardous to children. Parents in some European nations are now warned to keep children away from cell phones. A University of Utah researcher found the younger the child, the more radiation is absorbed by the brain. Spanish researchers have shown that cell phones can alter electrical activity of a child's brain for hours, causing drastic mood changes and possible behavior and learning disabilities. Scientists fear that cell phone radiation could damage human embryos. Pregnant women are advised to be wary.

A cell phone must greatly increase its field strength to maintain communications within the metallic cage of an auto. Thus, the effect of microwave radiation inside a vehicle is especially intense. Volkswagen of Europe has warned that cell phone usage inside a car can be "injurious to health due to the extremely high electromagnetic fields generated."

Insurance studies in England showed that an average driver talking on a cell is actually more impaired in function and reaction time than a drunk. Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority reports that one hour of exposure to mobile phone radiation can cause human cells to shrink. Researchers believe this is due to increased protein activity, an indicator of cell damage. What an unstable world needs now is a global population afflicted with incredible shrinking brains.

Brain cancer rates in USA have increased by 25% since 1975. In 2001, 185,000 Americans were diagnosed with some form of brain cancer. A grade four brain tumor can grow from the size of a grape to tennis ball size in just 4 months.

Brain tumors are almost always fatal and most people die within 6-12 months after diagnosis. On April 7, 2002 , Sixty Minutes aired a fascinating report on brain cancer, explaining that scientists are unsure why incidence of the disease is growing so exponentially.

Ironically, the segment was followed by a Sprint ad, which advised parents that the best way to keep track of teenagers is to connect them to a cell phone. While researchers say that radical damage to the brain can occur within the first few minutes of conversation, telecom ads encourage customers to spend many hours on the phone each month. Those blazing, full-page cell phone ads in newspapers and magazines must be the reason cell phone dangers are almost never discussed in the mainstream media.

An excellent resource tool is Robert Kane's book Cellular Telephone Russian Roulette (Vantage Press, 2001). As a telecommunications expert, Kane presents an impressive collection of studies showing that both government agencies and cell phone manufacturers KNEW YEARS AGO that cell phone radiation at present exposure levels is dangerous to human health. He notes that cell! phones would be rendered useless if their RF emissions were reduced to safe levels.

Reports of illness from heavy cell phone usage and from living or working close to powerful RF transmitters are synchronous with numerous cancer-related lawsuits now being filed against the cell phone industry. The insurance industry sees big trouble ahead. Underwriters for Lloyd's of London refuse to insure phone manufacturers against damage to users' health. Cell phones are today what tobacco was 40 years ago.

Excellent web sites offering up-to-date scientific data on microwave and other radiation issues are:

1. www.energyfields.org

2. www.microwavenews.com

3. www.emrnetwork.org

4. www.wave-guide.org

E-mail guru@emfguru.org and ask for free updates on important radiation issues and studies.

Dr. Lai's e-mail is hlai@washington.edu

Powerful microwave energy directed at homes, offices and schools can flow right through windows and walls.

Comment
Jim Mortellaro
2-24-5

And the facts are ...

Most newer cellphones have an attachment for an external antenna. Use it. This allows ALL the energy radiated by the phone to be outside the vehicle, reducing to nearly zero the amount of energy in the vehicle and you. Most people are not even aware that their phone has such a connection. More's the pity.

Using the cellphone on your person is also a no-brainer. Merely use a hands free device, allowing you to place the phone just about anywhere safer than stuck in your ear. Neat. Petite. Safe. Use it.

We live in an age of communications. There is nothing one may do to protect one's self from radiated RF energy. Nothing. Unless you choose to live in a lead lined home or apartment. As a result, and assuming one is able, choose your home or apartment carefully. If you can, locate your home in an area which has less energy surrounding it. Some of us are able to do this. Many cannot. More's the pity for those who cannot.

One thing is certain. Whatever you do, you will never isolate yourself from radiated RF energy. To lobby against communications means the death of our civilization. A strong statement indeed. But notwithstanding the strength of the statement ... true.

Using a hands free device in the car is advised. My cellphone has voice recognition. It will dial the number you tell it to dial, in digits. It will dial the number of a person you've stored in memory as well. It has ports for an external antenna and a hands free device. Together, the cost of an antenna for the outside of the vehicle is less than $30 American. The cost of a simple hands free device is less than $20 American. For a total investment of about $50, one may remain free of radiation and still enable the use of the phone.

Rather than state the problems, state some solutions as well. It is more appropriate and a lot more important to those reading the piece.

Jim Mortellaro

Sumber: http://www.rense.com/general63/FACTS.HTM

The Hidden Hand that Shaped History

2009-12-10T05:52:00.000-08:00

The Hidden Hand that Shaped History

By Vigilant

Has the course of History been directed by a small group of people with common interests? The paintings and pictures of the great men of the past centuries reveal a common thread which links them together. Is it a coincidence that many of them hid one of their hands when posing for a portrait? It seems unlikely. We'll look at the Masonic origin of the "hidden hand" and the powerful men who used the sign in famous portraits.

Stalin and Washington - two opposing ideologies, one hand gesture

"Today's thinking toward a democratic world state is neither a new trend nor an accidental circumstance; the work of setting up the background of knowledge necessary to the establishing of enlightened democracy among all nations has been carried on for many hundreds of years by secret societies."
-Manly P. Hall, Secret Destiny of America

Is there a hidden force behind the world events of the past centuries? Are the fall of European monarchies, the bringing forth of the Age of Enlightenment and our path towards a world democracy, part of a great plan lead by a "hidden hand"? Before the advent of mass media, portraits depicting their leaders in majestic poses were the only artifacts people had. Do these portraits have an occult meaning?

One of those poses is the "hiding of the hand". I remember my history teacher trying to explain why Napoleon was often shown with a hand inside his shirt. The common explanation went along these lines:

"Many theories have been presented as to why Napoleon is traditionally depicted with his hand in his waistcoat. Some of these theories include: he had a stomach ulcer, he was winding his watch, he had an itchy skin disease, in his era it was impolite to put your hands in your pockets, he had breast cancer, he had a deformed hand, he kept a perfumed sachet in his vest that he'd sniff surreptitiously, and that painters don't like to paint hands"
-Tom Holmberg

Unless all the individuals discussed in this article had stomach ulcer or deformed hands, the gesture of hiding one's hand simply has to have a specific meaning. It does. Most of the people using this sign are proven (and often enthusiastic) members of the Freemasons. Considering the great importance of this gesture in Masonic rituals and the fact that all of the elite were either part of Freemasonry or knew of it, it is simply impossible that the recurrence of this sign could be the result of a coincidence. The "hidden hand" can in fact be found in the rituals of the Royal Arch Degree of Freemasonry and the world leaders that use this sign are subtly saying to other initiates of the order: "This is what I'm part of, this is what I believe in and this is what I'm working for".

The Royal Arch Degree

The Triple Tau

The Royal Arch Degree (the 13th degree of the Scottish Rite or the 7th degree of the York Rite) is also known as the Mason of the Secret. During this Degree, initiates are said to receive great Masonic truths.

"The members of this Degree are denominated companions, and are "entitled to a full explanation of the mysteries of the Order"; whereas in the former Degrees they are recognized by the common, familiar appellation of brothers, and kept in a state of profound ignorance of the sublime secret which is disclosed in this Chapter. This accords with the custom of Pythagoras, who thus distinguished his pupils. After a probation of five years, as stated before, they were admitted into the presence of the preceptor, called his companions, and permitted to converse with him freely. Previous to the expiration of that term he delivered his instructions to them from behind a screen"
-John Fellows, Fellows's Inquiry into the Origin, History, and Purport of Freemasonry

"If we pass on to the Royal Arch, we receive a wonderful accession of knowledge, and find every thing made perfect; for this is the nec plus ultra of Masonry, and can never be exceeded by any human institution."
-George Oliver, Lectures on Freemasonry

It is during this degree that the initiate learns the sacred name of God.

"A Degree indescribably more august, sublime, and important than any which precede it, and is, in fact, the summit and perfection of ancient Masonry. It impresses upon our minds a belief in the being of a God, without beginning of days or end of years, the great and incomprehensible Alpha and Omega, and reminds us of the reverence which is due to His Holy NAME."
-George Oliver, Historical Landmarks

This holy name is Jahbulon, a combination of words meaning "god" in Syriac, Chaldaic and Egyptian.

"JEHOVAH. Of the varieties of this sacred name in use among the different nations of the earth, three particularly merit the attention of Royal Arch Masons:

1. JAH. This name of God is found in the 68th Psalm, v. 4.

2. BAAL OR BEL. This word signifies a lord, master, or possessor, and hence it was applied by many of the nations of the East to denote the Lord of all things, and the Master of the world.

3. ON. This was the name by which JEHOVAH was worshiped among the Egyptians."
-Malcolm C. Duncan, Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor

The initiation ritual to this degree re-enacts the return to Jerusalem of three Most Excellent Masons who were held captive in Babylon. I won't go through the whole ceremony and symbolism but at one point, the initiate is asked to learn a secret password and a hand sign in order to through a series of veils. The following image depicts the hand sign required to go through the second veil, as documented in Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor:

"Master of Second Veil: "Three Most Excellent Masters you Must have been, or thus far you could not have come; but farther you cannot go without my words, sign, and word of exhortation. My words are Shem, Japhet, and Adoniram; my sign is this: (thrusting his hand in his bosom); it is in imitation of one given by God to Moses, when He commanded him to thrust his hand into his bosom, and, taking it out, it became as leprous as snow. My word of exhortation is explanatory of this sign, and is found in the writings of Moses, viz., fourth chapter of Exodus":

"And the Lord said unto Moses, Put now thine hand into thy bosom. And he put his hand into his bosom; and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow"
-Malcolm C. Duncan, Duncan's Masonic Ritual and Monitor

As stated above, this hand gesture is said to be inspired by Exodus 4:6. In this biblical verse, the heart ("bosom") stands for what we are, the hand for what we do. It can thus be interpreted as : What we are is what we ultimately do. The symbolic significance of this gesture might explain the reason why it is so widely used by famous Masons. The hidden hand lets the other initiates know that the individual depicted is part of this secret Brotherhood and that his actions were inspired by the Masonic philosophy and beliefs. Furthermore, the hand that executes the actions is hidden behind cloth, which can symbolically refer to covert nature of the Mason's actions. Here are some of the famous men who used this hand signal.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon, a known Mason in his study at the Tuileries, 1812

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century. He was initiated into Army Philadelphe Lodge in 1798. His brothers, Joseph, Lucian, Louis and Jerome, were also Freemasons. Five of the six members of Napoleon's Grand Councel of the Empire were Freemasons, as were six of the nine Imperial Officers and 22 of the 30 Marshals of France. Bonaparte's association with Masonry has always been played down in historical records. Masonic researcher J.E.S. Tuckett addresses the situation:

"It is strange that evidence in favor of the Great Napoleon's membership of the Masonic Brotherhood has never been examined in detail, for the matter is surely one of interest, and - seeing the remarkable part that remarkable men played in the affairs of Europe, at a time when Continental Freemasonry was struggling out of chaos into regular order - it cannot be without an important bearing upon Masonic history"

In his essay on Napoleon and Masonry, Tuckett claims:

"There is incontestable evidence that Napoleon was acquainted with the nature, aims and organization of Freemasonry: that he approved of and made us of it to further his own ends"
-J.E.S. Tuckett, Napoleon I and Freemasonry (source)

Napoleon was also said to be aided by occult powers. In 1813 he was defeated at Leipzip and behind him was a "Cabinet of Curiosities" in which a Prussian officer discovered his Book of Fate and Oraculum. Originally this Oraculum was discovered in one of the Royal tombs of Egypt during a French military expedition of 1801. The emperor ordered the manuscript to be translated by a famous German scholar and antiquarian. From that time onwards the Oraculum was one of Napoleon's most treasures possessions. He consulted it on many occasions and it is said to have "formed a stimulus to his most speculative and most successful enterprises."

Karl Marx

Karl Marx is known today to be the founder of modern Communism. Despite being denied by some Masons, Marx is said to have been a 32nd degree Grand Orient Freemason. Marx became the spokesman of the atheist and socialist movement of Europe. He planned the replacement of monarchies with socialist republics, with the next step conversion to communist republics.

George Washington

George Washington was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and is considered to be the "most important American Mason". Charles Willson Pealed produced this painting when Washington was 52 years old. Notice the position of Washington's feet: they form an oblong square. The position of the feet are of utmost importance in Masonic symbolism. Compare this with this excerpt from Duncan's Ritual Monitor:

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is considered to be one of the most prolific and influential composers of music ever. He also was a Freemason and was initiated in the Austrian lodge Zur Zur Wohltatigkeit on Dec. 14th 1784. Mozart's creations often incorporated important Masonic elements. The Magic Flute opera was mainly based on Masonic principles.

"The music of the Freemasons contained musical phrases and forms that held specific semiotic meanings. For example, the Masonic initiation ceremony began with the candidate knocking three times at the door to ask admittance. This is expressed musically as a dotted figure: meanings. For example, the

This figure appears in Mozart's opera The Magic Flute in the overture, suggesting the opening of the Masonic initiation."
- Katherine Thompson, The Masonic Thread in Mozart

The musical progression of The Magic Flute was based on the Golden Ratio (1,6180...), the proportion of everything that is considered divine by Mystery Schools.

Here are compositions created by Mozart for use in Masonic lodges:

Lied (song) "Gesellenreise, for use at installation of new journeymen"
Cantata for tenor and male chorus Die Maurerfreude ("The Mason's Joy")
The Masonic Funeral Music (Maurerische Trauermusik)
Two songs to celebrate the opening of "Zur Neugekrönten Hoffnung"
Cantata for tenor and piano, Die ihr die unermesslichen Weltalls Schöpfer ehrt
The Little Masonic Cantata (Kleine Freimaurer-Kantate) entitled Laut verkünde unsre Freude, for soloists, male chorus, and orchestra

Marquis de Lafayette

Marquis de Lafayette was a 33rd degree Freemason. According to Willam R. Denslow's 10 000 Famous Freemasons, Lafayette was a French military officer who was a general in the American Revolutionary War and a leader of the Garde Nationale during the bloody French Revolution. Lafayette was also made an honorary Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of New York. More than 75 Masonic bodies in the U.S. have been named after him, including 39 lodges, 18 chapters, 4 councils, 4 commanderies, and 7 Scottish rite bodies.

Salomon Rothschild

Salomon Rothschild was the founder of the Viennese branch of the prominent Mayer Amschel Rothschild family. The most powerful family in the world has greatly influenced the policies of Germany, France, Italy and Austria. The Rothschilds are also the main players behind the creation of Zionism and the state of Israel.

The power of the Rothschilds went way beyond the confines of the Masonic lodge. They are said to be part of the 13 "Illuminati Bloodlines". An analysis of the recently built Supreme Court of Israel (see article here) confirms the Rothschild's embrace of Masonic symbolism.

Simon Bolivar

Known as "El Libertador" (the Liberator), Bolivar is considered to be the "George Washington of South America". He joined Freemasonry in Cadiz, Spain, received the Scottish Rite degrees in Paris and was knighted in a Commandery of Knights Templar in France in 1807. Bolivar founded and served as master of Protectora de las Vertudes Lodge No. 1 in Venezuela. The country of Bolivia is named after him. Bolivar also served as the president of Columbia, Peru, and Bolivia in the 1820's. He belonged to the Order and Liberty Lodge No. 2 in Peru.

Notice in the image above the position of his feet (oblong square) and the checkerboard pattern of the floor, also Masonic. His stance might have been inspired by the Knights of Christian Mark Degree as depicted below in Richardson's Monitor of Freemasonry:

Joseph Stalin

Stalin's reign of terror in the Soviet Union lead to the deaths of millions of his own countrymen. He is often shown in pictures using the hidden hand gesture. No official records have been found which prove Stalin's initiation into Masonry. Of course dictators such as Stalin tightly controlled all information concerning themselves and their affairs, making it difficult to prove anything one way or the other. The hiding of his hand, however, provides an initiate's clue to his possible allegiance to an occult brotherhood.

After being shot in 1940, the young man on the right has been
edited out by Stalin's people.

In Conclusion

As seen above, thee leaders using the "hidden hand" gesture had a great influence on world history and many were confirmed Masons. This gesture is an obvious yet widely overlooked detail which hints at the leader's embrace of occult philosophy. By understanding this fact and by recognizing the IMMENSE influence these leaders had on the course of History, we can begin to realize the hidden force which is currently steering the world towards international democracy.

Members of these brotherhoods might have maintained different opinions and even adhered to different factions (communism vs capitalism), but the fundamental philosophy, beliefs and ultimate goals are still the same: the coming of an "Age of Reason and Enlightenment". Of course, any serious researcher is already aware of the role of Masonry in the unfolding of world history. The "hidden hand" gesture, so often used by historical figures is simply the outward expression of this little known fact. As Confucius said, "Signs and symbols rule the world, not words nor laws." These people's words and policies will eventually be twisted and forgotten, but their image will remain for the ages.

Source: http://www.akhirzaman.info/menukonspirasi/sejarah/1573-tangan-tersembunyi-yang-menentukan-sejarah-

Original source: http://vigilantcitizen.com/?p=2536

Face to face with the devil

2009-12-10T05:37:00.000-08:00

Texe Marrs

"And we know that we are of God, and the whole world lieth in wickedness."

—	1 John 5:10

You don't see them, not unless you know what to look for. But they see you. They're always there, standing, perching, sitting, crouching, hiding, always watching, observing, sometimes grinning, certainly leering. I call them beasts: Stony beasts.

The Bible speaks of them as "idols" and warns that while they may consist of mere stone, marble, plaster, or wood, they nevertheless have supernatural powers of hideously strange nature. To deny this is to risk falling victim to their foul and overwhelmingly repugnant grip.

Their universal existence, often in the most unexpected places, is no accident. It was planned long ago that they would be there. But even after you discover their presence, these menacing, grotesque, supernatural entities refuse to budge. They seem to be carefully obeying the orders of someone, somewhere who sent them forth to be advance agents of some mysterious, dark force. In accomplishing this mission, they are unusually successful, hugely so, harbingers as they are of a cruel and evil agenda which, some horrible day surprisingly soon, will be fully realized.

Texe's newest video, Face to Face With the Devil, is available now.

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Order your copy now by clicking here.

Can Devils Inhabit Material Objects?

In my newest video documentary, Face to Face With the Devil: Close Encounters With Unexpected Evil (DVD Only), I investigate the presence and meaning of these incredible creations of hell. I show just how amazingly prevalent they are in our everyday lives. They are, in fact, devils incarnate, for the Scriptures clearly tell us that spirit entities (demons, or devils) surprisingly do inhabit material substances.

The unwitting and unlearned in these things may imagine that an idol fabricated to represent the real Satan (aka the Devil) is just another inanimate object, even if it is an ugly and repulsive object. But the human imagination is often deceived. The devil and his demon cohorts have the power to literally enter and possess an unregenerated, that is, unsaved, person's brain and mind. From that point on, the devil (or, demon) is a type of "walk-in," possessing and directing the physical human entity.

Foreign spiritual entities are also able to supernaturally co-exist within many other material items, ranging from satanic paintings to voodoo dolls, witchcraft trinkets, charms, and talismans, and including ungodly designed furnishings and décor and malevolently wicked, symbolic jewelry and clothing.

Just as an invisible cyberforce (artificial intelligence) animates and operates advanced robots and other computerized electromechanical gadgets and machines, invisible spiritual entities likewise are able to inhabit, activate, and energize (e.g. "possess") organic materials. Advanced technology is, therefore, often indistinguishable from psychic and spiritual phenomena.

I have heard of voodoo dolls, occult books and figurines, and other satanic artifacts (including album covers of satanic, heavy metal, rock 'n' roll music groups) literally screaming and crying out when thrown into the fires. No wonder, then, that the early Christian Church gathered up pagan and witchcraft books and materials (curious arts) and cast them into the burning flames:

"Many of them also which used curious arts brought their books together, and burned them before all men: and they counted the price of them and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver. So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed."

—	Acts 19:19-20

The Scriptures sagely warn that it is an abomination to worship idols or even to possess witchcraft occult materials. Indeed, keeping such in one's home leads to a dreadful curse.

The Magical Power of Demonic Idols

Now, you may deem all this so much superstitious mumbo-jumbo. Modern-day men and women, after all, consider

Chicago’s downtown is populated by hosts of stony beasts. This one is found along Lakeshore Drive.

themselves too sophisticated and cosmopolitan to buy into such talk of demon-possessed idols and artifacts. But hardened Satan worshippers, including the initiates of the Illuminati secret societies, strongly believe in the magical powers of demonic-possessed idols and artifacts. They are convinced that idols of stone, wood, plaster, or other materials are, in essence, alive!

Occult doctrine teaches that devils inhabit and animate these things. That is why more and more idols are built, displayed, adored and secretly venerated. Every statue of a devil is, in the reckoning of Illuminists, a potential or real god, and collectively these devil figures represent the supreme God of the Illuminati; that is, Satan.

So obsessed are the Illuminati elite—the rich and famous of this world—with devil idols that they have caused them to be built and put up in places of honor in countless locations across this planet. You'll be shocked and flabbergasted, in viewing my video Face to Face With the Devil, to find them on the exterior and interior of cathedrals and churches, and on the facades of banks, museums, civic auditoriums, and government buildings. Devils in stone are discovered on arches of doorways and window ledges at the headquarters of Fortune 500 corporations, on cruise ships and in the galleys of the billionaires' yachts. They're festooned on the exterior of majestic movie theatres and department stores and over the doors of public park restrooms.

Ignorance Leads to Danger

Devils, devils, devils, everywhere, yet few are aware of them at all. It is as if a great black curtain has been pulled over most peoples' eyes. They either don't see the great multitude of devils in their midst, or they simply don't want to see them. Reality, apparently, intrudes violently on most peoples' comfort zones.

But, why remain unaware? Ignorance leads to danger. Once you view my newest video, your awareness will increase a thousand-fold. Your eyes will be opened to the horrible truth—and to the reason why I have produced such a mind-numbing documentary exposé. The prudent, wise person realizes that the whole earth lies in wickedness and is under the control of the Wicked One. This planet is temporarily his fiefdom and kingdom, and his loyal, if sometimes ignorant, human subjects honor Satan everywhere with idols of stone, marble, alabaster, metal, plaster, and wood.

You've Got to Serve Someone

Now, the Good News! If you are born again through faith in Jesus Christ, you are not subject to Satan's authority. Jesus rightly said that His Kingdom was not of this earth; therefore, you are immune from Satan's devices. God has erected a hedge of protection around each and every citizen of His Kingdom. Right where you are, you are surrounded by God's love and sheltered by innumerable numbers of victoriously powerful, protecting angels. This being so, these idols of wickedness neither speak to you nor command your obedience. They exist as mute, dumb idols, worthless hunks of matter fit only for eventual destruction.

I must sadly report, however, that if you are not a citizen of Christ's holy realm you are in dire jeopardy. You have no legal right to complain of Satan's many idols that decorate and populate the landscape. He is your master, so get used to it. You are, then, faced with a prickly, momentous choice: Either believe in Jesus and be rescued, or bow down to the Evil One and simply resolve to learn to love Big Brother.

"And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood..."

—	Revelation 9:20

Secret Report On Cell Phone Dangers And Tetra Confidential Report On TETRA Strictly For The Police Federation Of England and Wales (2)

2009-12-07T22:32:00.001-08:00

Secret Report On Cell Phone Dangers And Tetra
Confidential Report On TETRA Strictly For The Police Federation Of England and Wales
By B. Trower
11-25-4

Bagian Kedua

Source: http://www.rense.com/general60/tetra.htm

Page 15, Section 63 (Appendix 30) reads "VERY LITTLE INFORMATION EXISTS ON THE SAR'S PRODUCED BY TETRA AND PORTABLES. NO NUMERICAL MODELLING APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT". SAR means Specific Absorption Rate and refers to the heat generated inside that part of the body exposed to microwave radiation. I mentioned heat earlier with regard to heat shock proteins protecting cancer cells and to prevent damage to the DNA. I find it absolutely beyond belief that the NRPB can admit they have very little information on a system that is already being used and to say that no numerical modelling appears to have been carried out suggests to me as a scientist that no measurements have been taken to assess any medical damage which may occur to the officers. What experimentation has been done (Gabriel 2000), appears to have been carried out by Mr Gabriel of Microwave Consultants Limited. As this research could possibly affect what may turn out to be brain tumours or spine cancers for the lady or gentlemen officers I would feel justified as a Police Federation in asking which totally independent scientists not connected in any way to the Government or communications industry peer reviewed this research paper and what were there comments?

Page 15, Section 65 (Appendix 30); this section explains that SARs could be up to 4 times larger than those in table 6 above. If the reader looks at the unit at the top of the table after SAR (Wkg-1), the reader can go to Appendix 27 'Reported Biological Effects', and the reader will observe one of the pages lists the medical symptoms expected from SAR doses. The reader will notice that for an SAR of 2 or 3 W/kg, cancer acceleration in the skin and breast tumours may be found. Coming back to the table it shows for the left ear an SAR of 2.88 but in the document below it explains that the SAR could be 4 times larger than this, i.e. you could be receiving an SAR above 8.

Page 11, Section 51 (Appendix 31) (NB: the NRPB bound document has pages 11-13 out of order and I cannot change this, and I apologise to the reader). This table shows that the power output may reach 40 W from a TETRA transmitter. My concern is that the officer will be receiving the radiation from the transmitter as well as the radiation from the handset.

Page 16, Section 66 (Appendix 32); "the main exposure to the body is expected to be at waist level from the antenna and base of the hand portable". My concern with this is the reported cases of cancer of the spine from officers who have carried their hand portables on their belts. To my knowledge 4 deaths have occurred because of this.

"Although there could be some exposure from the earphone if RF current is induced in the cable ". When the signal goes from the handset to the earpiece, electromagnetic waves are emitted from the cable, i.e. the cable actually becomes its own transmitter. These waves would obviously go through the neck and my concern is that they could affect the sensitive glands within the neck. Another concern, but unproven, came from a dentist who was concerned about the metal in peoples' fillings absorbing radiation and re-emitting it up into the centre of the brain where there is no protection from the skull. This is obviously a very complex research area to go into but nevertheless I feel that this dentist has a justifiable argument and one which should not be dismissed without thought.

Page 16, Section 67; "the situation is complicated by the metal body of the vehicle. It is not evident that this could be relied upon to provide shielding, since the non-conducting parts, e.g. windows of the vehicle are comparable to the wavelength of the radiation". Scientifically what this means to me is that there could be a considerable risk of electromagnetic radiation for the persons either inside or just outside of the vehicle. I find this incredible in so far as the risk is obviously appreciated by the NRPB and yet, as they stated earlier, no numerical modelling has been carried out. To me it appears that the risk in and around vehicles has been overlooked.

Page 16, Section 68; "the data in table 6 suggest that for both 3 W and 10 W vehicle mounted terminals the ICNIRP basic restrictions for the general public could be exceeded if a persons' head were within a few centimetres of a vehicle mounted transmission antenna for several minutes". The question I ask is what if the call is some big disaster emergency and the call may last longer than several minutes, or once the system is upgraded you are waiting for pictures to come through? Have calculations been done for say an accumulative 10 minute call?

NB: The Police Federation may wish to ask whether the dose levels in these tables are calculated as a geometric average or arithmetic average.

Page 16, Section 69; "at these power levels there will be regions in the immediate vicinity of the base station antenna where guidelines could be exceeded". My argument here is similar to the argument above. What if an officer has to remain through duty in the vicinity of a base station or transmitter where even the NRPB's high guidelines are exceeded or the International Commission's guidelines are exceeded? These guidelines, as shown in Appendix 1, are way above what the rest of the world recommends.

Page 18, Section 76 (Appendix 33); "no measurements appear to have been made of the exposures received inside or outside vehicles with externally mounted antennas". My simple question is, if officers are using what could be potentially dangerous instruments, why have no measurements been taken to assess their risk? I find this beyond belief.

Page 26, Section 111 and 112 (Appendix 34). Here the NRPB agree that the phenomena of non-lethal weapons exists because they say that with a frequency of 8 waves per second into the brain, animals can be made to go to sleep, or be stimulated at higher frequencies. To me this simple statement by the NRPB verifies the non-lethal weapons programme as sound.

Page 29, Section 128 (Appendix 35); "HOWEVER THERE ARE LIMITATIONS TO THE REASSURANCE THAT THEY CAN PROVIDE. IN PARTICULAR THEY DO NOT EXCLUDE THE POSSIBILITY THAT RF RADIATION FROM CELLULAR PHONES MIGHT CARRY A RISK OF CANCER THAT BECOMES MANIFEST MANY YEARS AFTER FIRST EXPOSURE OR THAT RELATES TO INTENSE EXPOSURE OVER MANY YEARS. NOR DO THEY RULE OUT A HAZARD FROM RF RADIATION MODULATED SPECIFICALLY AT AROUND 16 Hz". Here, the NRPB are not ruling out that there may be a risk of cancer to the officers in several years time. Also there could be a risk because of TETRA's unique pulsing to the officers' brains.

Page 29, Section 129; "further research is needed using modern molecular and cellular biology techniques to assess the reliability of the positive findings and to determine the extent and significance of any effects that do occur". Scientifically to me, what the NRPB are saying is that they need to do research to find out what effects TETRA will have on the officers.

Page 30, Section 133 (Appendix 36); "HOWEVER THEY DO NOT EXCLUDE THE POSSIBILITY OF A RISK OF CANCER THAT APPEARS ONLY AFTER MANY YEARS OF EXPOSURE, NOR OF A HAZARD FROM RF RADIATION MODULATED SPECIFICALLY AT AROUND 16 Hz". This suggests that cancer and brain damage has not been ruled out as a possibility of using TETRA. As an analogy, this seems to me like a situation where I could go to my GP and ask for some tablets and the GP can say, you can take these but there may be a risk of cancer in several years time, I don't know, or a risk of brain damage.

Page 31, Section 135 (Appendix 37); "A number of recommendations for further research are suggested by the Advisory Group". My observation is why wasn't this research was done before the system was introduced? This puts officers' health at risk unnecessarily.

"Proposals for experimental investigations of the possible biological effects of specific TETRA signals modulated at about 16Hz". Again, I suggest this should have been carried out before it was used on police officers.

"Further studies need to be carried out on effects of amplitude modulation or pulsing on neuronal activity and on signalling within and between nerve cells The likelihood of epileptic seizures could be investigated ". If the NRPB are suggesting this now, my question stands, why wasn't this research carried out before the officers began their trials with TETRA?

* Page 31, Section 135 - Section 5; "HUMAN VOLUNTEER STUDIES SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT TO MEASURE CHANGES IN COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE ARISING FROM EXPOSURE TO TETRA HANDSETS. THESE SHOULD INCLUDE EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF VARYING PARAMETERS SUCH AS THE DURATION OF CALLS, THE EXTENT OF EXPOSURE, AS WELL AS SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS".

* Page 31, Section 135 - Section 6; "THE TETRA SYSTEM IS EXPECTED TO BE DEPLOYED WIDELY FOR USE BY STAFF IN EMERGENCY SERVICES. THIS IS A RELATIVELY STABLE WORKFORCE WITH DEFINED PATTERNS OF WORK. IT WOULD BE WORTH CARRYING OUT STUDIES TO EXAMINE WORKING PRACTICES AND CONDITIONS OF EXPOSURE TO RF RADIATION FROM TETRA SYSTEMS. RECORDS OF USE SHOULD BE KEPT WHICH COULD BE OF VALUE IN ANY FUTURE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES". Clearly this means that the police, although to my knowledge not volunteers, as a regular and stable workforce are absolutely ideal for a scientific study into the long-term effects of electromagnetic radiation from TETRA. The NRPB will use all of this data as an epidemiological study, as recorded in their own document.

* Page 31, Section 135 - Section 8; "ONLY LIMITED INFORMATION IS PRESENTLY AVAILABLE ON EXPOSURES FROM TETRA HAND PORTABLES. FURTHER WORK IS NEEDED TO PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION ON EXPOSURES FROM HAND PORTABLES AND FROM ANY OTHER TRANSMITTING EQUIPMENT DEPLOYED FOR USE". My simple observation to this statement is why? Why is only limited information presently available on exposures if the system is up and running? There has got to be a risk to the officers from unknown exposures.

CONCLUSION

If you take a complete overview of this entire document, I would suggest that there is a lot of information which could suggest long-term low level exposure to microwave radiation is harmful. However, science is always about argument. I find it a very dangerous time when a scientist insists that he or she is right. Scientists that have insisted they are right (sometimes publicly) and have later to have been shown to be incorrect are those concerning thalidomide, asbestos, BSE, smoking, sheep dip, Gulf War Syndrome, GM foods, Vitamin B6, to mention just a few. So, let us assume that I am wrong and let us assume that every single scientist I have quoted in this report, which may involve thousands of years of work accumulatively, is also wrong, just for arguments sake. My argument is unchanged and my argument is simple. All I am suggesting is that the ladies and gentlemen of the police force have the opportunity to read both sides of this scientific debate with all of the literature at their disposal and they, be allowed to decide whether or not they would like to use the TETRA system. If every officer decides that they love the TETRA system so much they want to take it home to bed with them, I do not have a problem with that. All I ask is that the officers have the choice where their long-term future health could be at risk.

RECOMMENDATIONS

* I would like to see a totally independent group of scientists, not connected with the communications industry or the NRPB, be able to represent the police force at th

* Should TETRA become widespread, a long-term full indemnity insurance policy should be guaranteed for the officers for any possible future long-term risks.

* That all major documents relating to TETRA safety be made available to the officers of the police force along with how the figures were calculated, i.e. which average was taken, which totally independent scientists peer reviewed the papers, the comments of those scientists and if necessary, the relative expertise of the scientist who carried out the experiments and wrote the paper.

I recommend this because when I applied to teach Advance Level Physics at College, all of my degrees are personally checked and when we go camping with College students, our mountain leadership certificates, life-saving certificates, updates to those certificates are all scrutinised by the parents. And I totally agree with this. I believe that if you are making decisions pertaining to persons' safety or health, your qualifications, background, experience should all be available for scrutiny. Also, anything that you write should be checked by totally independent persons, and their comments made available.

* My final recommendation with all of the information I have to hand is that the TETRA system be halted until further research on safety has been carried out. This research be made available to the ladies and gentlemen of the police force and not until they are satisfied with the safety of the system, should it be implemented. In other words, I am suggesting that the police have the final say in whether TETRA is introduced or not to their force. I believe the ladies and gentlemen of the police force should be credited with the intelligence they have to make decisions regarding their own safety. Further, any scientific document written for them to read should have full explanatory notes so that they can understand any complicated scientific terms.

NB: Before my lectures to the Police Federation and writing this report, I submitted my full CV for their scrutiny.

QUESTIONS

* With all of the research written here showing dangers from electric, magnetic, pulsed microwave electromagnetic fields, why with the officers' safety at risk are we still sticking to our ridiculous safety limit, which only measures heat?

* Can more information be given to the officers on our Government's non-lethal weapons programme concerning pulses into the brain around 17.6 Hz, or stored information from other research papers?

* Can the signals from the transmitter to the officer be rechecked as they are listed in the manual as continuous waves, whereas they have been measured independently to be shown to be pulsed? This is important because pulsed radiation is arguably more aggressive than continuous.

NB: the following questions arise from the NRPB document on TETRA, Volume 12, Number 2, 2001, appendixed at the back of this document.

* Section 21 - How much radiation, and of which type is emitted from the case?

* Section 24 - What safeguards are in place to guarantee that the earphones are absolutely leakproof and with the rough and tumble world of the police officer, how often are the earphones going to be checked for leaks? Who will do this, and which type of apparatus will be used?

* Section 25 - What experiments have been done to measure how the officers inside the vehicle are insulated from the transmitting device?

* Section 28 - If a police car is to be used as a relay transmitter, again, what measurements have been taken to ensure the officers are insulated from the electromagnetic waves?

* Section 37 - Why is a pulsed frequency of 17.6 Hz being used when it is known to interfere with the brains' beta rhythm and it was warned against by the Stewart Committee?

* Section 39/40 - If TETRA becomes widespread to all of the emergency services, reserve officers, traffic wardens, security officers, what is the expected output to be from handsets and the main transmitters? Transmitters generally increase their power to cope with additional calls. Will this be the case for TETRA?

* Section 61 - Has a neurosurgeon been consulted to comment on the effect of TETRA penetrating deep into the head?

* Section 63 - Why does very little information exist on the SAR produced by TETRA hand portables, why has no numerical modelling been carried out? Can this be done before TETRA is used nationally?

* Section 63 - Can all of the information relating to the experiments of measuring radiation inside the head (Gabriel 2000) be made available to the Police Federation for scrutiny, along with an independent peer review assessment from scientists, totally unconnected with the NRPB or communications industry?

* Section 65 - If the SAR's could be up to 4 times larger than those in table 6, what risk assessment has been carried out for officers receiving radiation with an SAR of over 8 W/kg? Can this information be made available to the Police Federation?

* Section 66 - With the main exposure expected to be at waist level, what research has been carried out relating this to the known deaths of officers from spine cancer from carrying transmitters on their belts? Could this research be made available to the Police Federation?

* Section 66 - Has an ear, nose and throat specialist been contacted for an opinion concerning radiation from the cable being transmitted into the glands of the neck? If not, could this be done?

* Section 67 - As vehicles cannot be relied upon to provide shielding for the officers, can further improvements to insulate the officers be recommended, then scientific studies carried out to test this insulation and all data be made available to the Police Federation?

* Section 68 - If international guidelines could be exceeded, what risk assessment has been carried out for the officers and passers by who may be using pacemakers, insulin pumps, have metal plates in their bodies, or be epileptic? Could this risk assessment be made available to the Police Federation?

Similarly, for Section 69, concerning base station transmitters which will also exceed guidelines.

* Section 76 - Why have no measurements of exposures been made inside or outside vehicles? Could these be done and the data made available to the Police Federation along with how averages are calculated?

* Section 128 - As the possibility is not excluded that TETRA might carry a risk of cancer that becomes manifest many years after first exposure, or there may be a hazard from the pulses around 16 Hz, would it be a good idea to allow the ladies and gentlemen of the police force an opinion in the decision making processes which may concern their long-term health? Should these long-term health risks be published for the police force so that, like members of the armed forces, they may volunteer to expose themselves to possible danger?

* Section 129 - As further research is needed, should this not be done before TETRA becomes national, and can the results be made available to the Police Federation for their scrutiny?

* Section 133 - Again, the possibility of a risk of cancer after many years of exposure is commented on along with the hazard of pulsed radiation at 16 Hz. I repeat my observation that this risk assessment ought to be made available with full consultation with the officers concerned who will be using the system and that they should have the final decision concerning their future health risks. Is this a possibility?

* Section 135, Section 2 - Has a neurosurgeon been contacted to assess the risk of pulsing and its effect on the signalling mechanisms between nerve cells? Could this report please be made available to the Police Federation?

* Section 135, Section 5 - Shouldn't the human volunteers study on TETRA be carried out before its use becomes widespread?

* Section 135, Section 6 - As an epidemiological study is recommended to be carried out on the use of TETRA and its effects on "a relatively stable workforce with defined patterns of work", shouldn't the police officers be asked their permission if they are going to take part in what is a long-term medical study which may result in a number of brain tumours, spine tumours, eye cancers, heart disorders and many other illnesses?

* Section 135, Section 8 - Why is TETRA being used by officers if "only limited information is presently available on exposures from TETRA hand portables and further work is needed to provide more information on exposures from hand portables and from any other transmitting equipment"?

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS

Although I have legal documents in my possession I do not have the knowledge or confidence to even begin to try and explain legal words. I would recommend the Federation's solicitor contact Mr Alan Meyer who is in my opinion this country's leading authority on matters electromagnetic and all of its relevant implications. I would add I do not have shares in his firm nor do I receive "backhanders", in fact I have never met the gentleman. Mr Meyer will be able to advise on Government responsibilities, the human rights, civil rights and European Law. Mr Meyer may be contacted at:

Halsey Meyer Higgins Solicitors
56 Buckingham Gate
Westminster
London
SW1E 6AE

Tel: 020 7828 8772
Fax: 020 7828 8774

Researched and written by B Trower, September 2001

REFERENCES

1. Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 2000, Volume 10, Numbers 3 & 4

2. Evidence that Electromagnetic Radiation is Genotoxic: The implications for the epidemiology of cancer and cardiac, neurological and reproductive effects. Dr Neil Cherry, June 2000

3. Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 2000, Volume 10, Numbers 3 & 4

4. Extremely Low Frequencies and living matter - a new biophysics by Dr Gilles Picard. Living matter and electronic devices

5. Potential Adverse Health Impacts of Mobile Telephony Memorandum, Dr Hyland, February 2000

6. Are Mobile Telephony Base Stations a Potential Health Hazard? A review of the present scientific literature, Roger Coghill MA (Cantab.) C. Biol. MI Biol. MA (Environ. Mgt.), August 1998

7. New Medical Evidence on Electromagnetic Fields and Health is Alarming: Do no Expose Local People to Mobile Phone Base Stations, Dr D A Eklund, BSc MBCHB MFPHM

8. Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 1999, Volume 10, Numbers 1 & 2

9. Effects of chronic microwave irradiation on mice, S Prausnitz & C Susskind, 1962

10. Scientists link eye cancer to mobile phones, Sunday Times, 14 January 2001

11. Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 2001, Volume 11, Numbers 2 to 4

12. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 80-107, 4 December 1979

13. Understanding Ground Currents: An important factor in electromagnetic exposure, Dr D Dahlberg, Consultant, The Electromagnetics Research Foundation, Moorhead, MN56560/2118

14. Electromagnetic Field-induced Stimulation of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 273, Number 20, 2 February 1998

Stimulation of Src Family Protein-tyrosine Kinases as a Proximal and Mandatory Step for SYK Kinase-dependent Phospholipase Cy2 Activation in Lymphoma B Cells Exposed to Low Energy Electromagnetic Files, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 273, Number 7, 13 February 1998

15. Nexus: Military Use of Mind Control Weapons, Judy Wall, Volume 5, Number 6, November 1998

The Encyclopaedia of Mind Control, Adventures Unlimited Press, 1997

Secret & Suppressed, Jim Keith, Feral Press, 1993

Planet Earth: The Latest Weapon of War, Dr Rosalie Bertell (Women's Press)

Mind Control & the UK (Remote Viewing), Tim Rifat, ISBN 0712679081

Neurophysiologic Effects of RF and MW Radiation, Ross Adey, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Volume 55, Number 11, December 1979

The Influences of Impressed Electrical Fields at EEG Frequencies on Brain and Behaviour, Burch & Altshuler, Plenum Press, 1975

Effects of modulated very high frequency fields on specific brain rhythms in cats, Brain Research, Volume 58, 1973 (Also Volume 23, 1967) on low frequency re-brain (Hippocampus)

Non-Lethality: John B Alexander, the Pentagon's Penguin, by Armen Victorian, Lobster June 1993

16. Channel Four News, Radio System Safety Fears, 5 February 2001, Julian Rush

17. The Big Issue Environment Correspondent Gibby Zobel, New Navy Death Risk to Dolphins & Whales, page 5, 12 March 2001

18. Extracts from US Defence Intelligence Agency documents from 1972 to 1983, Donald Stevens, November 2000

19. The Physiological & Environmental Effects of Non-ionising Electromagnetic Radiation, Dr G J Hyland, February 2001

20. NRPB Possible Health Affects from Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Volume 12, Number 2, 2001

Erratum Page 13 Hyland and Coghiill (they sent evidence to IEGMP but were not actual members: JVM 28/9/2001)

APPENDICES

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Secret Report On Cell Phone Dangers And Tetra Confidential Report On TETRA Strictly For The Police Federation Of England and Wales

2009-12-07T22:31:00.001-08:00

Secret Report On Cell Phone Dangers And Tetra
Confidential Report On TETRA Strictly For The Police Federation Of England and Wales
By B. Trower
11-25-4

Bagian Pertama

Source: http://www.rense.com/general60/tetra.htm

INTRODUCTION

With respect to my fellow scientists I shall be writing this report in non-scientific speak for all of those readers who have not had the benefit of a scientific education.

WHAT IS ALL THIS REALLY ABOUT?

Imagine the field around a magnet and imagine ordinary everyday static electricity. If you put the force field from the magnet with the force field from the static electricity you make a wave. This wave is called an electromagnetic wave. There are lots of different types of electromagnetic waves but they are all made of the same two things - magnetic and static. The only difference between the waves is their wavelength or the length of the wave and the number of waves that can be produced a second, i.e. the frequency. All of these waves are put into a table called the electromagnetic spectrum.

At one end of this electromagnetic spectrum you have the very short waves, namely gamma rays and x-rays and at the other end of the spectrum you have the very long ways, namely radio, TV and waves from overhead power cables. All of these waves have the same properties; that is to say they all behave the same. They can all be reflected, refracted, and they all travel at the same speed, which is the speed of light. For interest, if you were one wave of light you would be able to travel around the world nearly seven times every second; that is the speed of light. The electromagnetic spectrum is ordered so that at the short wave end you have the gamma rays, x-rays, ultra-violet, visible light, infra red, microwaves, radar, TV and radio in that order. The ultra-violet and above are known as ionising waves and there is no argument as to the damage they can cause when entering the body. Below ultraviolet is said to be non-ionising and this is where arguments occur between scientists as to whether damage can occur inside the human body through exposure to these waves. The microwaves used in the TETRA system are in the non-ionising section of the electromagnetic spectrum and I will be discussing the arguments concerning microwaves and health in this report.

SAFETY LEVELS

In this country, when somebody asks about whether a certain level of electromagnetic radiation is safe they are usually quoted a safety limit. This safety limit is laid down by the NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board). Usually when you ask about a dose of radiation you find that the amount that you were asking about is thousands of times below the safety limit and thereby reportedly safe. A safety limit is really a personal opinion. This personal opinion may be based on many factors by an individual or individuals from whatever data they have in their possession. To give you an example of some safety limits around the world, for one particular type of microwave transmitter, these read as follows:

Toronto Health Board: 6 units
Italy: 10 units
Russia: 10 units
Poland: 100 units
US Research Base: 100 units
International Commission: 450 units
The NRPB for Britain: 3,300 units
There are other values for other transmitters but there is no need to list those in this document.

To look at this another way, supposing you took your car to a garage and one mechanic estimated a price of £6 and another mechanic estimated a price of £3,300 for the same job, you would feel justified about questioning the decisions. The reason that our safety limit is much higher than the rest of the world is that in other countries they base their safety limits on possible effects from the electric field, the magnetic field and the heat produced in the body. Our NRPB will only base the safety limit for this country on the heat produced in the body. I will comment on heat further in this report (Appendix 1, Reference 1).

WHAT IS BELIEVED TO HAPPEN AS THESE WAVES ENTER OUR BODIES?

I will try to summarise the thousand or so research papers written over the last 20 or so years and explain or summarise what happens when the electric and magnetic part of the wave goes into our bodies.

We being water based animals act like aerials to these waves. As the waves go into our bodies an electric current is generated inside our bodies which is how aerials work; waves come in and electricity is generated. The electricity generated in our bodies like all electric currents goes to ground through our bodies and like all electric currents it takes the path of least resistance. Unfortunately the path of least resistance through our bodies, although only representing 10% of our pathways, carries 90% of our traffic rather like the M1 motorway. The traffic in our bodies, namely hormones, antibodies, neurotransmitters know where they are going because they also carry an electric charge. The hormones, antibodies and neurotransmitters know where to "get off" because there is a corresponding opposite charge at the site of delivery rather like the positive and negative ends of a battery. The problem is if you have an electric current passing through the body it can change this charge, either on the hormones, antibodies or neurotransmitters or the site of delivery.

An analogy to that would be - if you were in Paris on the Underground system and you could not speak a word of French, but you had a map with the station name of where to get off and somebody tippexed out one or two of the letters, you may get off or you may not, and this can happen in the body. The hormones, antibodies or neurotransmitters may get off where they are meant to get off or they may carry on and miss their target. As a one-off this probably would not be very important but continuous interference over many years it is argued can lead to many illnesses.

A similar effect is that the destination for some of these hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies is a surface of a cell where chemicals will pass through a membrane into a cell. If you think of a cell in our body, be it a brain cell, bone cell etc, as having a positive and negative charge on the outside and the inside similar to a battery the difference in these charges will draw the chemical into the cell or draw poisonous substances out of the cell. If the charge is changed on the outside of the cell, then necessary chemicals may not go in or poisonous chemicals may not go out. An analogy to that would be - think of your house as a cell in your body. Essential things like food, water and fuel come into the house and poisonous things like waste and gases leave the house. In fact a house is very similar in many ways to a cell in our body. Now, if we had a blockage and waste could not leave the house or sometimes food or electricity did not come into the house, over a short period of time we would survive this, but continual disruption over many years will probably have a knock-on effect on the health of the inhabitants particularly if they are young or frail. This is my explanation of how electromagnetic waves affect our cells.

A final description is possibly the accumulative effect of all the particles going through the body each second. Each particle and for TETRA we are talking about 400,000,000 particles a second carries a small amount of momentum with it. As an analogy, imagine you are driving down the M1 in the largest lorry you could possibly imagine and you are hit by the smallest dust particle you could ever imagine. Obviously the dust particle will not effect the speed or momentum of your lorry but if you have 400,000,000 dust particles a second for many years they could if something else was going wrong with your lorry exacerbate the effect and slow your lorry, and that is the crucial point. All of these effects I have described are believed to have one final conclusion. They all in their own way suppress the immune system. When you suppress the immune system as I will show in research papers, you tend to have more colds, more coughs, longer colds, longer coughs, longer illnesses, depression, anxiety leading to suicide or taken to its ultimate - leukaemia.

I will summarise just four of what I consider to be extremely well written research papers by arguably the worlds leading scientists in this field. There are other leading scientists of course but I cannot list them all in this report. I am using these as specimen papers.

When I refer to research papers I am not referring to something that somebody has sat down one Sunday afternoon and just written. These research papers have sometimes hundreds of references in the back and each reference on its own is usually 5-10 years work by a group of scientists where their work would have been peer reviewed, and in a lot of cases published. So for arguments sake, if a paper has say 100 references in the back that could well constitute 500-1,000 years accumulative work.

The first paper (Appendix 2, Reference 2) by Dr Neil Cherry was presented in May 2000 to the New Zealand Parliament, to Italy, Austria, Ireland and the European Parliament in Brussels. This paper has 122 references. I have photocopied the references to show that as well as being peer reviewed, many are published. I will do this with the other three papers (Appendix 3).

From this research paper some illnesses caused by long-term low level electromagnetic radiation are:

Heart problems;
Blood problems;
Interference with bone marrow;
Tumours;
Calcium interference;
46% reduction in night-time melatonin;

It is believed that during the daytime light going through our eyes passes a message to the pineal glands in the brain which slows down the production of melatonin. At night when no light goes through our eyes the production of melatonin is speeded up. Melatonin is believed to scavenge cancer cells and impurities in our bodies and boost the immune system. If an officer is sleeping in quarters within range of the TETRA transmitter, the microwave radiation is believed to act on the pineal gland and suppress the night-time melatonin to daytime levels; hence the good work of the melatonin at night will be restricted leading to suppression of the immune system.

Increased arthritis
Skin problems
Ear problems
Risk to leukaemia
Childhood cancer
Sleep problems
Depression
Memory loss
Difficulty in concentrating
Mental conditions

A very recent discovery shows that microwave radiation changes the permeability of the blood brain barrier. Our brain has its own immune system as does our body. The blood brain barrier keeps everything that is designed to be kept within the brain inside it and protects the brain from any unwanted diseases or chemicals which could harm it. Similarly it allows out of the brain anything dangerous to the brain. The blood brain barrier is rather like a sieve where only particles of a certain size may go through. Professor Salford at Lund University in Sweden has shown that such pulsing as from mobile phones can alter the permeability of the blood brain barrier (Appendix 4, Reference 3). I will argue as TETRA pulses, which is arguably more powerful than the average mobile phone, this situation could be worse with TETRA.

Also, it is shown that the electromagnetic radiation going into the body can change the size of the particles moving around the body (Reference 4). This is rather like an ice skater spinning on her skates. With her arms out she spins slowly, but if she pulls her arms in she spins faster. Microwaves can affect the particles in our body by changing their spin; hence their size. They can be made smaller or larger. With the changing of the permeability of the blood brain barrier and the changing in size of particles unwanted particles may enter the brain or necessary particles may leave the brain. The connection here with mental conditions is that Dr Hyland of Warwick University has written that the uptake of drugs; in particular neurological drugs is inhibited because of changes in the blood brain barrier.

Neurological illnesses
Headaches
Dizzyness
Fatigue
Miscarriage, and
Infertility

I have listed all of the references on this particular research paper because all of these researches correspond to the above list.

The second paper I would like to comment on (Appendix 5, Reference 5) has 80 references and as well as a lot of the illnesses written in Dr Cherry's paper goes on to mention that with regard to mobile phone handsets you should avoid keeping the handset when switched on adjacent to the body, in particular in the vicinity of the waist or heart. There have been deaths due to colon cancer from the Royal Ulster Constabulary who wore radio or microwave transmitters in the small of their backs for extended periods of time. Dr Hyland recommends keeping the duration of calls to an absolute minimum and on his back page relating to pulse mobile phone radiation on alive humans and animals, the following may occur:

Epileptic activity
Effects on human EEG
Effects on blood pressure
Depression of immune systems
Increased permeability of the blood brain barrier
Effects on brain electro-chemistry
DNA damage in rodent brain
Cancers in mice, and
Synergistic effects with certain drugs

Dr Hyland, in my opinion, is one of the world's leading authorities in this area and his advice is not to be dismissed lightly. Similarly, another very highly respected scientist is Dr Coghill. I would add that both Dr Hyland and Dr Coghill are members of the Stewart Committee.

Dr Coghill's paper which has 218 references (Appendix 6, Reference 6) agrees largely with the work by Dr Hyland and Dr Cherry. In this paper, Section 1.16, Dr Coghill writes "the ultimate question must be whether chronic exposure to say
1 V/m electric fields at the envisaged frequencies is likely to produce adverse health effects in the long term. At present the NRPB guidelines recommend an investigation level of 192 V/m while ICNIRP now offers much lower levels. However these are based on thermal effects: if non thermal evidence is accepted than 1 V/m is demonstrably able to induce biological effects, some of which may be adverse".

I will show in a later paper that TETRA delivers a lot more than the 1 V/m recommended as a maximum by Dr Coghill.

Dr Coghill also, in his summary in the back, lists symptoms caused by mobile phone use. Again, I will argue that as TETRA is pulsed and pulsed radiation is arguably more aggressive than the continuous analogue wave and TETRA uses more power than the ordinary mobile the symptoms will be enhanced rather than be reduced for TETRA. The symptoms listed by Dr Coghill are:

Fatigue
Headache
Warmth behind the ear
Warmth on the ear, and
Burning skin

My final paper by a very highly respected New Zealand doctor, Dr Eklund (Appendix 7, Reference 7) which has 37 references shows leukaemia clusters in and around ordinary radio and TV transmitters around the world. She says on page 13 that adult leukaemia within 2 kilometres of a transmitter is 83% above expected and significantly declines within increasing distance from the transmitter. Similarly skin and bladder cancers follow a similar pattern. As a scientist I could argue that if leukaemia's' and cancers are known to exist from ordinary radio and TV transmitters which take many years to form and radio and TV waves are at the long end of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it is known that exposure to gamma rays or x-rays can cause death within a matter of weeks, a hypothetical line could be drawn from the long waves to the short waves to determine the length of time or exposure doses needed to cause such illnesses. Fitting into this pattern would be several years exposure to sunlight causing skin cancer. There are obvious anomalies with this; namely personal health, hygiene and all sorts of other factors, but as a crude estimate I would argue that the further up the electromagnetic spectrum you go, the shorter the time for the serious illnesses to occur. The microwaves used by TETRA are above radio and television waves. Being water-based animals we are particularly sensitive to microwaves; this is why microwave ovens work. Microwave ovens resonate the water molecules in food and when molecules resonate they re-emit the energy they absorb as heat. This is why the food warms up and the plate does not, because it does not contain water.

The warmth on and behind the ear felt by users of mobile phones is one type of heat. Another type of heat unknown to the user, therefore not reported are hotspots within the body from microwaves. These hotspots are tiny areas in the body which warm up considerably when exposed to microwave radiation. The problem with warming up areas inside the body is that a very recent research paper has shown that heat shock proteins are produced to protect the cells in the body from damage. Heat shock proteins act rather like scaffolding around a building; they go around the cell and protect the DNA from damage from the heat. Heat shock proteins have been known to work when the temperature rises by just 2 degrees. Now the problem with heat shock proteins is as well as protecting the good cells they can also protect and save from destruction cancer cells. So, if you have a cell in your body which is turning cancerous and would normally be destroyed by the body's immune system, the heat shock proteins will protect it and it will continue to grow. This work was carried out by Dr David de Pomerai, of Nottingham University (Appendix 8, Reference 8).

A report on mobile telephones and their transmitters by the French Health General Directorate, dated January 2001, states in its conclusion of the group of experts that "a variety of biological effects occur at energy levels that do not cause any rise in local temperature". The group ask "is it possible to state that there are no health risks?" and they reply "No". They go on to say "minimise the use of mobile telephones when reception is poor, use an earpiece kit and avoid carrying mobile phones close to potentially sensitive tissue, i.e. a pregnant woman's abdomen or adolescent gonads". They recommend hospitals, day-care centres and schools should not be directly in the path of the transmission beam. Also and very important, they say "the cumulative exposure over their lifetime will be higher ". The word cumulative is also mentioned by Professor Sosskind and Dr Prausnitz in their paper (Reference 9) where they say "an accumulated cellular level damage mechanism is not necessarily related to the intensity but can relate to total dose Hence the averaging of weekly exposure is a meaningful adverse effect related level".

This accumulative factor puts a very different slant on doses of microwave radiation. In particular an accumulative level of radiation can build up very quickly when you receive 400,000,000 waves every single second. This is why scientists are concerned and warnings have been issued for people with pacemakers, hearing aids, insulin pumps in relation to interference of their apparatus from electromagnetic waves. Warnings are also given to persons with metal implants in their bodies. These implants can a) warm up; and b) absorb the microwave radiation and re-emit it at a different wavelength. I have been around the world talking to scientists and we agree, although it cannot be proved, that the recent incidents in breast cancers in ladies could be due to the metal underwiring in bras absorbing microwave radiation and re-emitting it at a different wavelength into the mammary glands of the breast. The mammary glands are known to be particularly sensitive to radiation and they are known to be easily changed into cancer cells.

Following this line of thought, I would argue scientifically that using a TETRA handset, remembering that if you are using a TETRA handset you must also be receiving radiation from the main transmitter, i.e. you do not just have the radiation from the phone you would have the radiation from the transmitter as well, or the phone would not work, could enhance breast cancer in the lady police officers. A similar argument follows with the argument that the eyes receive 29% extra radiation because of their moist make-up. Metal-rimmed spectacles will absorb the microwave radiation and re-emit it onto the surface of the eye. Again, unproven, but I can follow the arguments that support the two recent research papers which have found increases in eye cancers in two separate areas of the eye. One cancer has been found in the side of the eye, one cancer has been found in the front of the eye (Appendix 9, Reference 10) (Appendix 10, Reference 11).

As a result of using pulsed mobile phones, again I will argue that as TETRA is more powerful than the average mobile there could be long-term damage to the eyes of the officers using TETRA.

A union document (Reference 12) printed 4 December 1979 for microwave transmitters up to 100,000 MHz warns its members of the following illnesses which may occur from accumulative exposure:

Menstrual problems
Miscarriage, and
Problems of the eye, heart, central nervous system, reproductive organs.

They say "a false sense of safety may exist and non-thermal effects are much lower than have been recognised". The TETRA system of 380-400 MHz is within this range of this union paper. I emphasise that these effects are not new; they were being reported on as far back as 1979 and further on in this paper I will show documents that relate to exposure effects going way back to the early 1960s. A very important sentence in this research paper states "non-ionising radiation increases molecular vibration and rotational energies". I will refer to this further on in this document.

INSURANCE

Two of the worlds largest insurance companies, Lloyds and Swiss Re, have recommended to other insurance companies on the advice of Dr Theodore Litivitz, Professor Emeritus of Physics at the Catholic University of America, to write in exclusion clauses against paying compensation for illnesses caused by continuous long-term low level radiation. My concern for the police force, although adequately insured, is that if in future years officers start claiming for spine or brain tumours the insurance company will terminate its contract with the police force and leave it uninsured.

SURVEYS

Two recent surveys printed in Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 1998, Volume 9 and 2000, Volume 11; the first of a study of 11,000 mobile phone users, the second a study of 17,000 mobile users showed the symptoms already mentioned of fatigue, headache, warmth behind the ear, warmth on the ear and burning skin in various degrees, depending on the use and type of person. From the 17,000 persons studied, these symptoms varied from 31% to 78% of the users. If I take the lowest number of 31% as a purely hypothetical exercise which is easily dismissed as rubbish, but does give us a look at some of the numbers that could be involved; if we take 100,000 police officers then 31,000 of these officers could experience one symptom. Playing the numbers game, if these 31,000 that experienced one symptom were to progress to a more complicated level, let's argue 10% of them may develop a migraine or a headache or require one day's sick we would have 3,100 officers taking a day's sick. If 10% of those developed something more serious that required further sickness we would have 310 officers off sick. If we take 10% of those and suggest that something more serious may occur then we could be looking at 31 officers, or I would argue 31 families, per hundred thousand involved in something which may develop into a serious medical condition. I stress that this is hypothetical because it is very difficult to predict the future for a device that has not been tested and there are no long-term studies available.

As an aside it was noted last year that the Public & Commercial Services Union recommended to its 266,000 Civil Service members that they should not be forced to carry mobile phones.

GROUND CURRENTS

A very little understood phenomena and reported by Dr D Dahlberg (Reference 13) is ground currents from living in the proximity of transmitters on animals. I mention this with a view to the police dogs and the police horses in their kennels or stables at a constabulary base which is bound to have a transmitter. All transmitters pass an electric current to the ground beneath them. If the ground is particularly wet this has an adverse static effect on the animals concerned and in farm animals can effect milk productions or food production. Huge static charges are built up in the animals and everytime they come across a metal object the charge is discharged through the head; the nose being wet. It has been shown that if animals are taken away from this environment they recover very quickly, yet in the environment of ground currents they also become very sick very quickly. I am particularly concerned for the acutely sensitive brains and organs of the highly trained police dogs.

Three years ago when a lot of research papers individually were being dismissed I decided to look at several of the main papers and show that there was a knock-on effect in the body. I drew two flow diagrams showing the knock-on effects from approximately 25 research papers to show that even if one symptom is dismissed there can be an accumulative effect throughout the body. The two flow charts - Appendix 11 relates to the body and Appendix 12 relates to the brain, show clearly that our body systems are very closely interlinked.

Taking TETRA's lowest operating power level of 2W I wrote a hypothetical equation, and being hypothetical it is very easily dismissed, which shows that at the 2W cell activity may be accelerated by a factor of 6 or slows down by a factor of 7.5.

There are experimental papers which do in fact show that mobile phones may speed up thought processes or may slow down cellular activity. I have tried to explain this using theoretical physics. I based my paper on the already previously mentioned accumulative doses and increased molecular vibration (please see previous references). I am fully prepared to be told that I am wrong or mistaken but I believe I can explain the process by which energy once inside the body affects the cell potential (charge on the outside of the cell), the signal transduction (movement from the outside to the inside of the cell) and the cell cycle timing (the process by which our cells operate). I have placed this calculation in Appendix 13.

Often overlooked are the electromagnetic waves from the cables and transformers of all electrical transmitters. These are usually in cabinets near the transmitters, hence near offices or sleeping quarters on constabulary bases or near kennels or stables. A research paper published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry in 1998 (Reference 14) describes the 50 cycles a second waves emitted by transformers and power cables, and how they may induce leukaemia. Although the NRPB and the National Grid have denied that these waves are dangerous both this paper and an article in the New Scientist dated 10 March 2001, page 7 which reads "Guilty as Charged. Powerful fields from pylons and cables are linked to childhood cancer", demonstrates to me scientifically that these transformers and power cables should not be overlooked.

THE CONCLUSIVE PROOF ARGUMENT

The Government's scientists will often ask for conclusive proof when they are challenged. It is a word often used when you wish to win your side of the argument. Scientifically conclusive proof is impossible to obtain - let me explain.

I was at a legal hearing in Torquay representing a community and the barrister representing the communications industry said "there is no conclusive proof that these microwaves will cause damage". I argued: if somebody stood up and shot me in this courtroom there would be three levels of proof. You would have everybody as a witness and that would be accepted in a Court of Law. A pathologist could perform a post mortem, decide that the bullet killed me and that would be a second level of proof. If, however you wanted conclusive proof that the bullet killed me, you would have to argue that at the split second the bullet went into my body every system in my body was working perfectly because there are thousands of reasons why I could drop dead on the spot before the bullet went in and you would have to prove conclusively that all of these systems were working perfectly before the bullet went in. Clearly, this is scientifically impossible; there is no such thing as conclusive proof, yet it is what is demanded by government scientists when challenging their decisions.

Conclusive proof has been demanded by scientists defending their decisions after they have said the following are safe:

Thalidomide
Asbestos
BSE
Smoking
Sheep dip
Gulf War Syndrome
GM Foods and
Vitamin B6

With the above list it will be recognised that evidence of damage from these comes only from counting the people who are injured. I am arguing scientifically that there is a blanket denial by some scientists and the only way to show them wrong is to present them with a certain number of bodies. When commercial interests are at stake there seems to be a denial of relevant scientific data. The problem with the microwave communications industry is that they do not have to prove it is safe; you have to prove it is not, and that is an entirely different ball game. As a scientist, if I develop a new pill I have to run a 5 or 10 year clinical trial and convince a Board of my peers that it is safe before I have permission to release the pill onto the market. With the telecommunications industry the tables are completely turned around. They do not have to show these instruments are safe; you have to show they are not.

UNDERSTANDING RADIATION (MICROWAVE AS IN TETRA)

There are unknown phenomena concerning low level radiation that is not generally understood by the users of communication instruments. Following the Chernobyl incident it was found that long-term continuous low level radiation of all types was as dangerous as high level doses of radiation. With high level doses of radiation the anti-oxidants in the body (Vitamins A, C, E etc) rush to defend and repair the area of the body being damaged. However with low level radiation the anti-oxidants are not activated and because the dose is accumulative the problems can build up and are usually present before the body realises that there is trouble. So, low level does not necessarily mean safer. Also the smaller you are the more you tend to absorb. Wavelengths for TETRA and mobile phones are relatively short and the nearer the part of the body or the infant to the wavelength the more similarity they have to an aerial and the more they absorb. With ordinary mobiles the wavelength is around the size of a foetus and with TETRA you are looking at a 3-6 year old child. I mention this because TETRA may be used in areas where children are running around and there are very well known and documented cases of pulse radiation affecting epileptic children.

Pulse radiation from TETRA at 17.6 Hz (waves per second) is known to interfere with our natural brains rhythm. Our brains generate their own waves within our head. One of these waves, called beta waves is on a very similar frequency to the TETRA handsets. What happens is: If you could imagine yourself jumping on a trampoline and somebody larger and heavier jumps on and dances at a slightly different speed you will bounce at their pace rather than yours. When they jump off you will still bounce at their speed. The jumping on of the person onto the trampoline is known as entrainment and this occurs when the TETRA is used in close proximity to an officer's brain. Because TETRA affects the beta rhythm of the brain it will affect what the beta rhythm is responsible for; namely sounds judgement in emergency situations. Entrainment is always followed by a phenomena called long-term potentiation. This is an analogous to the person getting off the trampoline leaving you dancing. Long-term potentiation has been known to last several weeks after the initial source has died down. The implications for this are that the officers' brain waves would continue to suffer entrainment even after the sets have been switched off, which would be reinforced everytime the sets are switched on again.

The first paper written on this subject was by a scientist called Ptolomy who was a Greek living in Egypt in 64BC. Ptolomy found that when he spun a wheel with holes in up against the sun at different rotational speeds he could induce different effects on the brains of his subjects. To get an idea of the complexity of the brain, if you imagine every single person in every single city in the world picking up their telephone and dialling everybody in their phonebooks, that is roughly how many connections we have in the brain. I will show later that even the Stewart Committee advised against using any communication instruments that pulsed above 16 waves per second. TETRA is of course 17.6 waves per second.

MY SCIENTIFIC CONCERNS ABOUT THE NRPB

From a court case towards the end of 1998 Dr McKinlay was questioned in court about the use of mobile phones. Dr McKinlay is a senior scientist in the NRPB. It is known that roughly half of the NRPB's funding comes from the industries it represents, the other half of its funding comes from the Government. In court Dr McKinlay explained that data on tissue conductivity was supplied to the NRPB by Dr Camelia Gabriel of Microwave Consultants Limited. It transpired that virtually none of the NRPB documents on non-ionising radiation are peer reviewed and that Dr McKinlay himself had not authored any experimental studies. Dr McKinlay admitted he had no biological expertise. Dr Camelia Gabriel is Director of Microwave Consultants Limited and she reports to the Home Office and the Health & Safety Executive. She is also Chairman of the European Standardisation Body.

To summarise, the NRPB subcontract research on microwave radiation to Microwave Consultants Limited; namely Dr Camelia Gabriel. Dr Camelia Gabriel is also a senior consultant for Orange plc and has authored jointly with others the Orange Base Stations Health & Safety Manual (please see Appendices 14 and 15). Dr Gabriel's son, also of Microwave Consultants Limited, confirms the safety of transmitters for Orange plc in school playgrounds (Appendix 16). This dual interest between Dr Camelia Gabriel as representing the NRPB and Orange plc was picked up and reported on, on 19 April 1999, by The Observer where Sarah Ryle writes "concerns are increasing about industry's involvement in research. Some of the NRPB's conclusions have been based on research by Dr Camelia Gabriel, a technical advisor to network operator Orange and Head of Private Consultancy, Microwave (Appendix 17).

The problem as I see it is that when it comes to asking about safety concerning TETRA or any other communication instrument there is not one single independent person to give an answer. Every single person who has a word to say about the safety of police officers is somehow in the "food chain" going back to the communications industry. The communications industry fund the NRPB and the Government who fund Microwave Consultants Limited so every single person has a financial interest in recommending the product.

THE ABSOLUTE PARADOX

Since the early 1960s this country, America and Russia have had what is called the non-lethal weapons programme or synthetic telepathy programme. It is very well documented now that in the early 1960s in Moscow the Russians beamed continuous low level radiation (microwaves) down onto the American Embassy causing miscarriages, leukaemia's and other illnesses to the Embassy staff. Since then the non-lethal weapons programme has become very sophisticated indeed. It is used a) as a long-term low level radiation weapon to cause populations illness and b) at higher intensities to cause blindness, heart attacks or confusion. Details of all of the intensities are unknown to me but knowing that microwave radiation is accumulative, any effect can only be a matter of time. In quoting this research I refer to documents listed under Reference 15. So sophisticated is this research, and I refer to Operation Pandora Joint CIA/MI6 Operation since the 1960s, Operation Woodpecker USSR 1976, Operation HAARP still running in USA; they are able to define specific pulse frequencies to cause specific brain malfunctions or illnesses. For instance:

Frequency Illness Caused
4.5 Paranoia
6.6 Depression/Suicide
11 Manic behaviour/Anger
25 Blindness if aimed at the head/Heart attack if aimed at the chest
Other consequences of frequencies used but not listed here are hysteria, trauma, lust, murder and cancer, and may all be induced.

The TETRA frequency is 17.6 Hz (waves per second) so as a scientist looking at this data which is well publicised I ask myself, if the illnesses moving up the frequency range are progressive and TETRA is between the frequency of 11 and 25 on this table, what will be the effect of TETRA's 17.6 waves per second on the brains of the police force? This phenomena cannot be denied by the NRPB; it is listed in their own document which I will refer to later in this paper, where on page 26 they have described how at 8 waves per second animals can be made to fall asleep and at different frequencies behave differently in various parts of their brains.

As this phenomena is written about by the NRPB for 8 waves per second I would like to know what other research they have for other frequencies in and around the TETRA range.

HAARP, which is being researched by a nun, Dr Rosalie Bertell, who is concerned about what it represents along with other scientists knows that HAARP is capable of bouncing low level continuous microwave radiation pulsed off the ionosphere to any community in the world and may cause cataracts, leukaemia, changes in blood brain chemistry, changes in blood sugar levels, blood pressure and heart rates.

The paradox of course is how can one system of pulsed microwaved radiation be used as a weapon to cause illness or death and at the same frequency and unless close range, a similar low intensity be used as a safe communications instrument. Following this research I fail to see how TETRA can possibly be safe for the officers which use it.

This argument is further reinforced by a Channel Four document (Reference 16) and I quote: "The telecoms industry has known about American research suggesting there may be brain effects from TETRA for at least a year". "The research suggests that TETRA radios may have a direct effect on the brain's bio chemistry". "The researchers found that balance changed when brain cells were exposed to pulsed radio signals".

On page 4 it is quoted "the Government was warned about the issue last year. The Stewart Report into mobile phones recommended research into pulsed signals and suggested the technology be avoided As a precautionary measure amplitude modulation (pulses) around 16 Hz should be avoided if possible". He continues "what the frequency of 17.6 Hz is doing is duplicating microwave weapons which you buy at arms fairs. So by holding one of these devices to their heads they are putting a small microwave weapon to their head everytime they use it". He finishes "but there is enough to warrant asking why the system is being rolled out before the proper research has been conducted into an effect which not only falls outside all the existing regulations but which the Government advises on mobile phones believes it important enough they recommend the technology not to be used and which the military authorities apparently believe is so powerful that they can design non-lethal weapons to disrupt the minds of their targets".

In Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 2001, Volume 11, Numbers 2-4, Page 9, Simon Best says when writing about microwave crowd control weapons "after 20 years of rumours and speculation the Pentagon has finally confirmed that it has developed a device as part of its joint non-lethal weapons programme " He continues "in the UK many of the women protestors at Greenham Common in the 1980s experienced symptoms that they attributed to being zapped by microwave weapons from the US base".

Reported in The Guardian, Tuesday 8 May 2001 (Appendix 18) Stuart Millar and Stuart MacWilliam write "two independent experts on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation have accused Ministers of using the police as guinea pigs by pressing on with the launch of the BT Airwave System in the absence of detailed research into potential health risks". They continue "last year Sir William Stewart's report on mobile phone safety concluded that systems modulating at frequencies around 16 Hz should be avoided if possible in future developments of signal coding". They conclude "low frequency electromagnetic radiation was identified as far back as the 1960s as a potential anti-personnel weapon when the superpowers began conducting experiments into non-lethal mind control devices".

Low level pulsed signals have even been tried in the oceans. It was reported (Reference 17) by Gibby Zobel that the whales and dolphins beached themselves because their delicate navigation systems were damaged by the low level pulses. This is not surprising as like us they are mammals. The comment from the Minister at the time was "it's their fault for being in that part of the ocean when they could have moved away".

Reporting in The Sunday Express, 4 February 2001, Nick Fleming writes "BT advise officers to turn off the handsets when they are near sensitive hospital, breathalyser and speed camera equipment Officers are also being advised to mount speed traps or breath tests only if the equipment is 35 ft from their handsets or 11 ft from radio sets in their cars". He concludes "someone using a TETRA handset will be receiving between 2 and 4 times as much power or energy as if they were using a mobile phone. The low frequency also means about double the penetration into the head".

Another document (Reference 18), Mr Stevens quoting from a US Defence document writes "if the more advanced nations of the West are strict in the enforcement of stringent exposure standards there could be unfavourable effects on industrial output and military functions". Listed in this document are all of the symptoms we now come to expect with long-term low level microwave radiation; for example "personnel exposed to microwave radiation below thermal levels experience more neurological cardio-vascular and haemodynamic disturbances than do their unexposed counterparts". Further down the document other symptoms include hypertension, changes in blood, headache, fatigue, menstrual di

ADDING UP ALL OF THE WAVES THAT YOU ARE EXPOSED TO

An officer on duty may be exposed to his or her own handset, plus the handsets of officers around, plus the transmitter, plus anything else that happens to be on around them, i.e. vehicles. It may seem fairly easy for people to think that all you have to do is add up the radiation from each source, but in fact it can be very complicated and I would argue so complicated that scientists have yet to agree on a standard formula.

For example, when measuring the magnetic part of the wave in Norwich it is known by some scientists that the maximum dose would be 0.4 units. When the arithmetic average was taken it came out at 0.46 above the danger level for the child. When the interested parties came and did their measurements they got the reading to be 0.26 units below the safety level; they calculated the geometric average. Clearly there is a difference between 0.26 and 0.46. When measurements are taken and quoted to you, you should always ask how the answer has been calculated and check the figures. Other ways of measuring waves may be time weighed average, constructive or destructive interference, the polarisation, the nearfield, the farfield, the root mean square, the peak to peak, the electric or the magnetic vectors; all of these are legitimate calculations and in my opinion could be used to make a reading look more acceptable if it was desired.

In Appendix 19 I enclose an e-mail conversation by three eminent scientists who are trying to agree on the best way to calculate multiple waves. The multiple wave phenomena is of concern to me with regards the health of the police officers, simply because I have yet to find anybody who can say for sure the dose that each officer will be receiving. Arguably if the dose cannot be calculated therefore the health of the patients cannot be calculated.

Reporting in Engineering, February 2001 Matt Youson writes about the case where a man had a heart attack and in his journey to the hospital in an ambulance the ambulance crew using their TETRA sets, affected his heart monitoring devices which sadly resulted in the man's death. In an exclusive report in the Manchester News 11 May 2001 Dianne Bourne quoting the Head of Brain Surgery at NASA writes "the Head of Brain Surgery at NASA has even said he would not consider holding one of these to his head (with regards to TETRA). He said the net result is that the police are guinea pigs". Writing in Issue 51 of Caduceus magazine, in an article entitled 'Mobile Phones: The Pressure & Evidence Continues to Mount' by Simon Best, he writes "certainly if mobile phones had been a new drug they would never have got out of the laboratory". He continues commenting on TETRA "a 420 MHz signal producing a waveform that maximises radiation absorption for 3-6 year olds but also a pulse at 17 Hz right in the brains' beta rhythm - 17Hz is close to the peak frequency that triggers calcium e-flux in the brain which in turn affects apoptosis (programmed cell death) which can initiate cancer development. Despite this there is a complete lack of research on TETRA's possible health effects". He concludes "consider that you are talking about cumulative pulsed microwave radiation into your head, eyes and other organs possibly everyday for the rest of your life".

A Powerwatch comment dated 2 June 2001 reports in the first paragraph "as far as we can find out virtually no meaningful biological research on the effects of TETRA signals has been carried out. None of this is on humans nor is any on brain functions". In a late study published this month by The Independent entitled 'Mobile Phone Use Can Treble Risk of Brain Tumour', Charles Arthur writes that a research paper studying 1,600 people by a cancer specialist at the University of Sweden will be publishing his research paper on this data when it is finished.

In 1997 the Health Council of The Netherlands Radio Frequency Radiation Committee published their paper entitled 'Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (300 Hz to 300 GHz) (this is within the TETRA range). They warn of interference to embryo development, hotspots inside the body, damage to eyes specifically infants, elderly and the sick. They also comment on interference to metallic implants and pacemakers. In Section 261 they write "the effects of electromagnetic fields occur at lower powered entities when the object is exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields". I write this because TETRA is pulsed and most of the research which has been done has been done on continuous waves. The inference from these new research papers can only suggest that the symptoms will become more serious as pulsed radiation is arguably more aggressive.

In a recent paper (Reference 19) Dr Hyland who is also a member of the Stewart Committee and of the International Institute of Biophysics in Germany writes in Section 3 "the introduction of TETRA on the other hand gives rise to an increased level of both thermal and non-thermal concern". On page 14 Dr Hyland comments on the expression of calcium ions from brain cells and on page 15 writes a chapter on the magnetic field associated with current surges from the battery of the phone. Many people do not appreciate that batteries can produce magnetic fields that go into the body.

THE NRPB DOCUMENT ON TETRA (Appendix 20)

The Governments' NRPB produced their own document (Reference 20) which is a report of an advisory group on non-ionising radiation and TETRA. Each page I quote from I will photocopy and place in the Appendix so that the reader may read the NRPB's research and the reader may compare my answer to that research.

On page 3 (Appendix 21) the picture shows the microwave signals labelled radio signals as a continuous not-pulsed signal. I would argue that this has been measured by the Cambridge researcher Alisdair Philips and has been shown to be pulsed leaving the transmitter going to the officer.

Page 4 (Appendix 22), Section 21 states "some radiation is also emitted from the case". It does not say which type of radiation - electric or magnetic or when the radiation is emitted, or the strength of the radiation or what part of the body will receive most of the exposure. In Section 22 "the main exposure to the body should be from the antenna and case of the hand portable". The question arises where is the rest of the exposure coming from and how much will there be? Section 24 refers to the earphone. If an earpiece is used and the smallest possible imaginable crack occurs in the earpiece radiation will have a direct path straight through the auditory canal to the brain. The officer will not even have the protection of the skull. In the rough and tumble world of a police officer where earpieces may be frequently knocked, what protection is there for the officer in checking that the earpieces do not leak?

I would recommend that earpieces should be checked with very accurate equipment for leaks at least on a weekly basis. The earpieces should be of the highest quality possible and definitely leakproof.

Page 5, Section 25 (Appendix 23) "the terminal is mounted inside the vehicle and connected to an antenna mounted on the outside". My concern is what sort of insulation is there inside the vehicle to protect the officers from the terminal inside the vehicle. If the terminal inside the vehicle is not sufficiently insulated from the officers they are effectively sitting inside a microwave oven, except for the windows.

Page 6, Section 26 (Appendix 24) shows that the useful range of a mobile terminal (car) to a transmitter is 56 km. 56 km is a fairly powerful transmitter and again I question if an officer is standing outside the vehicle or inside the vehicle, how much research has been done on the radiation levels being received by this officer?

Page 7, Section 28 (Appendix 25); this diagram shows a vehicle being used as a transmitting station to relay a message 56 km from a transmitter to 56 km to an officer. Again, I question how much insulation there is to protect the officers from the radiation if they are to be used as mobile transmitting stations?

Page 8, Section 37 (Appendix 26); this confirms that the pulses are 17.6 Hz and 35.2 Hz or waves per second. I emphasise that the Stewart Committee warned about using frequencies close to the brain above 16 Hz.

Page 9, Sections 39/40 (Appendix 27) refer to a top output in the table of 30 W and for hand terminals 3 W or 10 W for a vehicle mounted transmitter. My concern is that with ordinary mobile phone transmitters no sooner are they up when an engineer comes along and adds another section, then another section and within a few years the original transmitter is unrecognisable because of additional instruments. With TETRA when it expands to cover all of the emergency services; possibly traffic wardens, the new reserve police force, maybe even park keepers and security officers, I am wondering whether these outputs may be exceeded. In my own mind I find 3 W and 10 W outputs particularly high when in proximity to a living being. If we look at Professor Cherry's table (Appendix 27), it can be seen that in millionths of watts, the long-term exposure can lead to various ailments. On this graph I have drawn a line below which the TETRA power level applies. This is obviously an estimate because when the handset is switched on, there is a surge of power. If you are a long distance from a transmitter the power increases, or on standby the power drops down. Due to the lack of research in measuring TETRA in and around vehicles it is very difficult to place an accurate estimate on this graph at present. Suffice to say that the power on this table is in millionths of watts and Sections 39 and 40 are in watts. For the reader I have enclosed a three page guide of reported biological effects from low level radiation.

Page 10, Section 44 (Appendix 28); the table shows that the TETRA handsets are slightly more powerful than the ordinary GSM mobile phone systems. This is the basis of one of my arguments that if TETRA is pulsed, which is arguably more aggressive and powerful than the ordinary mobile phone, the medical symptoms could arguably be more severe.

Page 14, Section 61 (Appendix 29) reads "hence with TETRA the energy is absorbed in a larger volume of tissue and so is less concentrated". Scientifically I cannot decide whether it is better to have the energy spread over a larger area or concentrated on a smaller area; I will have to discuss this with colleagues. Also in Section 61 the NRPB write "however, since the radiation from TETRA penetrates further into the head ", that I am particularly concerned about because the most delicate parts of our brain are in its centre for maximum protection and if this is where TETRA is going to reach then I have grave concerns.

The Dark Side of Cellphone Technology

2009-12-07T22:21:00.000-08:00

(The Dark Side of Cellphone Technology)
From BI Omega - Citizens' Initiative Omega
omegastar@firemail.de
2-16-3

Dear Sir, Madam, Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends,

For your information.

Best regards,
Klaus Rudolph
Citizens' Initiative Omega

The following article from the US environmental magazine Latitudes bears a remarkable similarity to the situation faced by farmers in Ouruhia New Zealand who live near transmitter towers. See the Ouruhia web site at: http://canterbury.cyberplace.co.nz/ouruhia/

The Dark Side Of Wireless Technology
By Sheila Rogers
Editor of Latitudes
2-16-3

This account, obtained by interviewing the mother of this family, has all the makings of a documentary. The name of the cell phone company and the source is withheld while the family looks for a lawyer willing to take the case (see note).

Meredith and her husband were dairy farmers on over 150 acres of rolling green land that had been passed down for generations. They had grown to love the simple lifestyle that came with hard work, fresh air, and farming in the Midwest. They and their four children enjoyed good health and happy days.

When the cell phone tower was erected twelve years ago they weren't too concerned, though they were certainly not pleased that it was just over the property line on the adjoining land and only 800 feet from their house. It was an eyesore, but they were assured it was perfectly safe. "It's like a 100-watt light bulb," the company often told people.

"We were naïve," says Meredith. "Over the next few months, we watched as our herd that grazed near the tower became emaciated and agitated-a change from their normally fat and contented state. The whole herd developed rough coats. The vet was puzzled, but blood work produced no answers."

MEANWHILE, WITHIN SIX MONTHS the parents noticed changes in their children. There were skin rashes-unusual, raised "hot spots." They had recurrent kidney infections. The youngest two kids became dramatically hyperactive, and the older ones complained of foggy thinking and concentration problems. Then sleep disturbances crept in. Meredith, in her early thirties, began to develop joint problems. "Everyone's symptoms were worse," she explained, "on foggy or rainy days. I since learned this was because the moisture increases the electrical conductivity. There were times when my preschool child would literally spin in circles." One day she discovered that their tower had become the "hub" for the entire state. "We buried cows that winter," she recalls. Searching for solutions and options, they tracked down a researcher at the Environmental Protection Agency, who gave her the first useful advice they'd had. He told her that as a government official he should reassure her that they were safe. But with his "citizen cap" on, he had to say that they should move immediately.

WITH HOPES OF RETURNING ONE day, they sold the herd but had someone keep the heifers for them. Within two to three months of moving to an electrically clean area in upper Michigan, health problems began to subside. After a year, they all were feeling strong once more. The only problem was that their farm was unattended, they were out of money, and they desperately needed to farm again.

About this time, they spoke with new owners of the cell phone company. The staff expressed disdain for flagrant safety lapses of the previous tower owners. The family was assured that if they returned, everything would now be fine. Excited at the news, they went back to their farm.

It was not long before symptoms returned. The children lost weight and the girls began to lose hair. Meredith was pregnant but not gaining weight. That son was unfortunately born with anomalies-birth defects that fit no particular syndrome. Neighbors also had complaints; the suicide rate increased in town, and unusual seizures were reported.

Now, some calves were born with front legs shorter than the back and with deformed hooves; some had large tumors-one tumor was three feet in diameter and the calf could not be delivered alive, even with a C-section. And the tumors were not typical to the species.

THEY HAD BEEN BACK FOR THREE years when a pediatrician saw the son's birth defects, heard the story, and told them to leave town. Why had they stayed so long? "We had to make a living. And somehow, when it's gradually happening, you're in denial-you don't see it for what it is," Meredith said.

They managed to buy a farm in a safe area and start anew. "My husband insisted we take the cows with us, and within three days they were chewing their cuds-something they hadn't done for years." The young boy, though, remains electrically sensitive and hyperactive. Meredith says that if he is within two and a half miles of a tower he develops flushed skin. Computer terminals and fluorescent lights in stores increase symptoms. He has food sensitivities, and damp weather continues to affect him.

And the land-what happened to the farm? Meredith sighs. "It just sits there. Empty. Selling the farm has not been considered. Should we let this happen to someone else?" End

Message from Don Maisch (excerpt)

and from the same informant:

Electrical Sensitivity

By Arthur Firstenberg and Susan Molloy

The 750,000-watt Doppler weather radar at Fort Dix, New Jersey, overlooks the Township of Brick. Why is that of interest to anyone but meteorologists? It's not, except that eight out of every 1000 children born in Brick since the radar station was built in 1994 are autistic.

The Brick Township Autism Investigation (1), conducted in 1998 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, uncovered 60 cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged three through ten in this town of 77,000 residents. As in much of the rest of the world, autism is increasing here. But the prevalence of both ASD and classic autism in Brick Township were found to be dramatically higher than normal in the 3-to-5-year-old age group, i.e., those born since 1994.

Forward-thinking educators and parents have done a good job in recent years of tackling the difficult issues involved in protecting sensitive children from chemical contaminants, dyes, preservatives, and allergens in their food, medications, classrooms, and homes. However, an additional burden has been overlooked and even ridiculed as untenable as a factor in many children's profound neurological and behavioral problems. Some readers may react with disbelief to our suggestion that the Fort Dix Doppler might qualify for a place on the "radar screen" of those scientists who are puzzled by the local epidemic of autism. (2)

The authors of this article are adults who are made extremely sick, sometimes incapacitated, from exposure to "normal" amounts of electromagnetic energy. We've seen some children respond as we do, as their well-meaning parents and teachers equip them with newer, faster, more powerful "safety" and communication devices, oblivious to the potential consequences for their children's health and development. We're not oblivious to these consequences because we ourselves respond directly and immediately, with debilitating pain, confusion, and neurological symptoms, to cell phones, cordless phones, computers, televisions, and other normal elements of today's home, work and school environments. And we are in increasingly good company.

Gro Harlem Brundtland is director-general of the World Health Organization. A medical doctor with a master's degree in public health, as well as former prime minister of Norway, she has recently been speaking in public about her own sensitivity to computers, cordless phones and cell phones. Not only has she warned parents against allowing their children to use cell phones or microwave ovens, but she said that she herself has become so sensitive to the radiation that she does not allow anyone to enter her office with a cell phone turned on. "If you enter my office, you are invited by me. No one who is invited would like to give me headaches," she said at a news conference in Oslo on July 1, 2002, where she was attending an international conference on cancer.

Awakening to the potential of electricity to affect children's health and development can be initially disheartening, because electromagnetic pollution is so inescapable, and its sources so often are "conveniences" for which we've eagerly expended considerable resources. It can also be empowering, because it gives parents and practitioners an additional tool and offers a new range of potential factors that may be influencing seemingly intractable health or behavior problems.

Both of us went to school and were graduated from college before personal computers, cell phones, the Internet, and everything that goes along with them even existed. As environmentally sensitive people, we feel lucky to have grown up before today's conditions became the norm.

What Can We Do? Computers in the classroom are practically unquestioned now, and that is fine for the durable. However, our society should provide computer-free classrooms for those vulnerable children for whom this is a necessary and effective accommodation. In schools where wireless computers-or regular computers with wireless keyboards/mice-are installed, even a computer-free classroom will not be an effective intervention for a child whose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is triggered or exacerbated by electromagnetic radiation. This is because the microwave frequencies used by these technologies, identical to the frequencies used in a microwave oven, pass through walls and do not respect the boundaries of classrooms.

What we suggest runs counter to the prevailing educational trend, which is to throw more and more computer-enabled devices at physically and developmentally disabled children in an effort to improve their functioning, without any consideration of the potential effects of the extra radiation on their developing nervous systems.

When adult populations were sampled within the last year for the prevalence of electrical sensitivity, estimates by researchers varied from 1.5% (Stockholm, Sweden) to 3.3% (state of California) to 7% (Marin County, California) of the population. One patient group in Germany puts the number as high as 15% of the German population. Nobody knows exactly, because this is an isolating, disabling, and ridiculed problem that is still in the public health "closet," along with most of its victims. Children are the most vulnerable segment of the population. They are also the most unaware of the potential effects of this invisible and largely unacknowledged pollutant coming from equipment that is so fervently sought by their peers and esteemed by their parents and teachers.

Medical facilities, also, are sites of electronics' proliferation. The growing field of medical telemetry uses wireless technology to monitor the vital signs of hospital patients. But also, in hospitals, nursing homes, day care and elder care facilities, mental health institutions and group homes, remote monitoring of patients is in increasing use, not only for medical purposes, but simply to cut back on personnel costs.

New automobiles have much larger electromagnetic fields than they had ten or twenty years ago. This is due to multiple computer-controlled operating systems, GPS satellite-tracking devices, digital dashboard displays, and, commonly, a cell phone constantly charging in the car.

The situation is not hopeless. At home, every parent can easily do the following experiment: tonight, before your family goes to bed, unplug all of these items you may have in your home: the TV, the computer, the base unit of the cordless phone, the entertainment center, and the baby monitor. Notice the quality of everyone's sleep, how you feel in the morning on awakening, and note whether you and your child seem calmer. Appliances should be completely unplugged, not just turned off at a surge protector (which itself may be a source of electromagnetic fields).

If your child has a motorized wheelchair, don't plug it in overnight next to his or her bed. Often these children are especially vulnerable as they may already have epilepsy, cerebral palsy, or other mobility-impairing conditions. Electric floor or ceiling heaters, fluorescent lights, dimmer switches, and electronic security systems can all produce problematic electromagnetic fields. Finding all the sources and eliminating or avoiding them requires patience and may be time-consuming but is not necessarily difficult or expensive. Your basic measuring tools are a $40 magnetic field meter, or "gaussmeter," and a cheap (poorer quality is better for this purpose) battery-operated AM radio. When the gaussmeter reads 0.2 milligauss or less, and the radio, when tuned between stations, remains silent (does not buzz or give loud static), you have a relatively calm environment-especially important in the sleeping area. These two measuring devices will not detect the very high frequency radiation produced by cordless phones, wireless computers, baby monitors, remote controls for appliances, radio-controlled toys, and other wireless equipment. We recommend eliminating wireless technology from the environment altogether.

Many homes will have ambient magnetic fields that cannot be reduced to 0.2 milligauss because of factors outside your control, most commonly nearby power lines and transformers. Neighbors' activities may also be a factor. But reducing exposures to the extent possible within the home may still have a significant effect, especially on neurological or behavioral problems in developing children. Exposures outside our own control, such as from the street, a radar station or cell tower, at school, or in hospitals and medical facilities, can be dealt with effectively only on a societal level. We have a long way to go before these problems are given the serious attention they deserve.

Ironically, some of our societal problems, such as school violence and kidnappings of children-even before 9/11 added to our worries-are being used as reasons to attach more cell phones to our kids for their safety and our peace of mind. But these very devices, and the millions of towers and antennas that make their use possible, expose all of us to a level of radiation that we know (from studies and painful firsthand experience) can contribute to the anxiety, depression, irritability, impulsivity, confusion, and general unrest that feed the very concerns which led to the need for all those cell phones in the first place. This can begin to change as more of us turn them off and experience the difference.

FOOTNOTES: 1. Bertrand, J. et al., Prevalence of Autism in a United States Population: The Brick Township, New Jersey Investigation, Pediatrics 108:1155-1161 (2001). 2. The Doppler appears to be the latest addition to a number of radar facilities in the area. McGuire Air Force Base, Fort Dix Military Reservation, and Lakehurst Naval Air Warfare Center are all located west of Brick. Military jets from those bases, equipped with powerful radars of their own, also fly over Brick on their way out to sea.

SUGGESTED READING: George Carlo, Cell Phones: Invisible Hazards in the Wireless Age, Carroll & Graf, New York, 2001. Jane M. Healy, Failure to Connect: How Computers Affect Our Children's Minds-and What We Can Do About It, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1998. B. Blake Levit, ed., Cell Towers: Wireless Convenience? Or Environmental Hazard?, New Century Publishing, Sheffield, MA, 2000. Lucinda Grant, The Electrical Sensitivity Handbook, Weldon Publishing, Prescott, AZ, 1995. Robert O. Becker and Gary Selden, The Body Electric: Electro-magnetism and the Foundation of Life, William Morrow, New York, 1985. ** Electromagnetic field (EMF) meters may be obtained from Alpha Lab, 1280 South 300 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, (800)-769-3754 Less EMF, Inc., 26 Valley View Lane, Ghent, NY 12075, (888) LESS-EMF.

About the authors: Arthur Firstenberg is founder and director of the Cellular Phone Taskforce, a nonprofit organization that disseminates information about electromagnetic radiation and advocates for electrically sensitive people. He is editor of the Taskforce's publication, No Place to Hide, and the author of Microwaving Our Planet: The Environmental Impact of the Wireless Revolution. After graduating Phi Beta Kappa from Cornell University in 1971 with a B.A. in mathematics, he went to medical school from 1978 to 1982. Injury by x-ray overdose cut short his career. Firstenberg explains that after receiving about 50 diagnostic x-rays during extensive dental work, he became sensitive to high-powered equipment in the hospitals where he worked. "I could literally feel the radiation from the equipment; it made me weak and dizzy, but I kept working. After several months I collapsed. I was 31 and no one knew the cause of my illness. I was bedridden for about three months and at first I was not sure if I would survive."

Firstenberg's symptoms included a slow heartbeat, chest pain, extreme shortness of breath on exertion, and weight loss. By reading Eastern European literature on the subject, he eventually discovered that he had the symptoms of radio wave sickness. He later learned that any type of electromagnetic field may provoke similar illness in sensitive people, which commonly manifests with nausea, dizziness, headache, irritability, insomnia, and difficulty with memory and concentration. He also gradually became chemically hypersensitive. His therapeutic approach is strict avoidance. At home, he has no computer, no television, no wireless equipment, no microwave, and uses only incandescent lighting. He moved cross-country to Mendocino, California which has minimal electrical pollution, and he is symptom-free as long as he avoids exposure.

As is often the case in advocacy organizations, Firstenberg's personal experience led him to study the condition that plagued him. He is now an international spokesperson and advisor on the subject of electrical sensitivity (ES). He can be contacted by phone at (707) 937-3990 or mail: P.O. Box 1337, Mendocino, CA 95460.

Susan Molloy has an MA in disability policy and provides referrals and troubleshooting for people with symptoms provoked by environmental exposures. She is cofounder of the Environmental Health Network (EHN) of California and edited EHN's newsletter for 11 years. She served as chair of the Independent Living Council in Arizona and works at New Horizons Independent Living Center in Prescott Valley. She works from home due to her inability to withstand electromagnetic exposure, and uses a custom-shielded computer provided by Arizona Rehabilitation Services Administration. Molloy has a history of allergies since childhood and was hospitalized with chemical sensitivities at age 31. ES symptoms emerged shortly after this. "When I go under power lines or fluorescent lights it feels like a blow to the top of my head," she explains. Asked if she could run errands, Molloy explains, "I can go into stores and other buildings. It's getting back out that's the problem. I tend to lose coordination and would often be stumbling if I didn't use a wheelchair. I get disoriented and my speech is also affected." Professional-grade ear protectors help soften the impact of auditory hypersensitivity to motor noises. She feels that living in the desert, where she keeps appliances to a minimum, has given her more stamina.

"I'd like to think that Arthur and I are just special cases, that people can stand back and distance themselves from our difficulties. I'd like to think that others won't suffer similar problems. But we know better. The numbers are growing, and no one is listening." She can be reached at (928) 536-4625 or susanm@cybertrails.com .

--------

Comment

From Robert Champion
kiateora@yahoo.com
2-17-3

Dear Jeff,

Those who were interested in "The Dark Side of Cellphone Technology" should be interested in this. It is a method of locating the sources of radiation which cause the effects described in the article. It is extremely inexpensive to make and simple to use. It is basically a dipole antenna which appears to magnify the effect of radio frequency radiation on nerve and muscle function in such a way that the source can be detected by the unpleasant side effects.

I have used this to identify offending sources both inside the house, as well as distant sources. It does seem that one must be sensitive to this radiation in the first place. In other words, a person suffering from the electrical sensitivity syndrome can use this to identify sources. Someone who is not suffering from it will not find anything.

To make this antenna: get a piece of cardboard about 12 to 18 inches square. Make a hole in the center anywhere from 1/8 to 1/2 inch in diameter. Over this place a layer of aluminum foil on both sides. The hole should be left open.

It is used by sighting through the hole at objects in the house. When an offending source comes into view it will cause a disagreable sensation in the eye, causing it to blink involuntarily. A warning is that if there is also a source coming from about 180 degrees, the reflection will confuse things. This can be reduced by holding the square obliquely or canted so that the reflection does not come directly back.

In my case most of the sources I have identified, by a strange coincidence, line up exactly with cellular towers. By using the smaller aperture of about 1/8 inch a source can be pinpointed to within a few degrees of compass bearing. There is a database of antenna towers maintained by the Federal Communications Commission, at wireless.fcc.gov/antenna. It allows search by latitude and longitude, so it is easy to locate all the towers within a specified radius. Using this, with a compass and a local map I have confirmed that at least a dozen sources I detect within my house are actually antenna towers in my area. To the degree that I have driven around verifying them, they seem all to have cellular antenna arrays mounted on them.

Regards, Robert Champion

Source: http://www.rense.com/general34/cell.htm

CELL PHONE HAZARDS - THE EVIDENCE IS IN

2009-12-07T22:18:00.000-08:00

CELL PHONE HAZARDS - THE EVIDENCE IS IN
by
William Thomas

source: http://willthomasonline.net/willthomasonline/The_Evidence_Is_In.html

The evidence is in - and it is overwhelming. Even at typical low power, cell phones and wireless technology cause severe biological disturbances in human cells. In August 2007, 26 medical and public health experts their Bioinitiative Report - available online - reviewing all the literature on the effects of electromagnetic radiation

Cell phone researchers not in the pay of mobile phone corporations agree on three things:

1. Current guidelines based only on the heating effects of cell phones do not address non-heating damage to DNA, nor the effects of frequency modulation used to broadcast information and are completely inadequate to safeguard public health. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is should not be used as a basis for a safety standard since it regulates against thermal effects only.

So far cell phone “safety codes” only regulate radiation capable of burning skin. It's like saying cigarettes aren't dangerous unless they burn you.

Obama packing a Blackberry on his hip

Cell phone manufacturers insist that “many studies” show their miniature microwave ovens are safe. But when pressed by the Washington Post to back up their claim, the cellphone industry could cite no studies showing no adverse impact from cellular telephones on human tissues, nervous systems or organs.

Dr. George Carlo confirms: “The industry had come out and said that there were thousands of studies that proved that wireless phones are safe, and the fact was that there were no studies that were directly relevant.”

There are more than 15,000 scientific studies reporting the cell phone health hazards. At least 66 epidemiological studies show that electromagnetic radiation increases brain tumors in human populations. [“Cell Phone Convenience or 21st Century Plague?" by Dr. Nick Begich and James Roderick earthpulse.com]

A TWO-MINUTE CALL

After only two minutes of cellphone exposure, the blood-brain barrier fails, allowing proteins to enter the brain that can cause nerve damage. “Molecules such as proteins and toxins can pass out of the blood, while the phone is switched on, and enter the brain. We need to bear in mind diseases such as MS and Alzheimer's are linked to proteins being found in the brain.” So, adds Leif Salford of Lund University in Sweden, is Parkinson's disease. [Electronics Australia Magazine Feb/00]

STRESS PROTEINS

Cell phone and cell phone tower radiation stress our cells, releasing DNA-damaging free radicals and stress proteins that can migrate through the opened blood-brain barrier and cause degenerative damage in the brain. Dr. Theodore Litovitz, a biophysicist and professor emeritus of physics at Catholic University, explains: "Because stress proteins are involved in the progression of a number of diseases, heavy daily cell-phone usage could lead to great incidence of disorders such as Alzheimer's and cancer." [Reuters Apr 23/08; wirelessconsumers.org Dec03/01]

2. Children through teenage years, and pregnant women should be kept away from cell phones and cell phone radiation.

Alarmed British military scientists have discovered that every cell phone transmission disrupts brain functioning responsible for memory and learning. “Overuse” can cause forgetfulness and sudden confusion, as well as loss of the ability to concentrate, calculate and coordinate.

Children and teens who become hooked on cell phones face a lifetime of learning disabilities, hyperactivity, high risk from driving accidents, greatly increased acute and chronic asthma, hearing loss, vision loss, sleep disorders and cancers - as well as loss of social skills, inability to think and reason clearly, loss of contact with their surroundings. [India Tribune Sept 17/04]

More than 2 billion people - including at least 500 million children - are using cell phones.

At least 87% of 11- to 16-year-olds own cell phones. In the USA, one in three teenagers uses a cell phone. RF/MW signals currently under discussion for inflicting on wireless classrooms throughout North America and the overdeveloped world will operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency range - two to three times higher than current cell phones. Plans are already underway to boost classroom radiation levels with “upgraded” technology emitting 5 GHz. [Uncensored (NZ) Nov 9/06; irf.univie.ac.at]

These kids may be difficult to replace, because researchers at University of Szeged in Hungary have discovered that men carrying their cell phones on standby anywhere in their clothing throughout the day produce about a third less sperm than those who do not. Of the remaining sperm, high numbers were found to be swimming erratically - significantly reducing chances of fertilization. [BBC June 27/04]

Put men made infertile by their cell phones together with fashionable beach going women who carry their cellphones in their bikini bottoms and... We could be looking at an inadvertent cell phone cull. Especially if women are culled by bra-makers encouraging them to carry cell phones in their convenient, already cancer-prone cleavage.

The Spanish Neuro Diagnostic Research Institute in Marbella has found that a call lasting just two minutes can alter the natural electrical activity of a child's brain for up to an hour afterwards. Spanish doctors now fear that disturbed brain activity in children will lead to impaired learning ability, as well as psychiatric and behavioural problems.

Brain scans allowed Dr. Michael Klieeisen's team to see what is happening to the brains of cell phone users. “We never expected to see this continuing activity in the brain,” he told the European press in new stories blacked out in the U.S.

Dr. Gerald Hyland finds the results "extremely disturbing.” Parents who believe they are enhancing their children's safety and social standing by sending them back to school with cellphones could be impairing their health and ability to learn, Dr. Hyland warns. “The results show that children's brains are affected for long periods even after very short-term use. Their brain wave patterns are abnormal and stay like that for a long period. This could affect their mood and ability to learn in the classroom if they have been using a phone during break time, for instance.”

These same altered brain waves “could lead to things like a lack of concentration, memory loss, inability to learn and aggressive behaviour. My advice would be to avoid mobiles." [Mirror Dec 26/01]

Led by Sir William Stewart, the famous British biochemist and president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science biomedical specialists, the Stewart Inquiry report on “Mobile Phones and Health” was released in April 2000. Sir William said he would not allow his grandchildren to use mobile phones. [Journal of the Australasian College of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine Sept /01]

In Sweden cell phones are being marketed to 5-year-olds. Olle Johansson, Associate Professor of Neuroscience at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm declares: “Parents should take their children away from that technology." [Dialing Our Cells by William Thomas]

The Australian government's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) described laboratory tests as far back December 1974 showing neurons in the soft skulls of developing fetuses are extremely sensitive to heat during the process of cell division. ”The mother's pelvic structure promotes deep RF radiation penetration within the developing embryo or fetus,” Dr. Barnett warned. The womb's saline fluid is also highly conductive to Radio Frequencies and microwaves - and the EMF-conductive human body is 65% water-by-weight. Brain functioning may be impaired for life. [CSIRO June 1994; irf.univie.ac.at/emf; EMFacts Consultancy Mar 26/03]

The age of cell phone users continues to drop as fast as their IQ and attention span. In 2007, the average age of first-time “users” was 10. By next year, International Data Corp forecasts the 9-and-under market will rack up an additional $1.6 billion in revenue for cell phone companies - and add another nine million child zombies in the United States alone.

According to a Eurobarometer survey of children in 29 countries, most had cellphones after age 9. "We're pretty bullish on increased usage by teenagers,” exudes Adam Guy, a senior analyst at the Strategist Group. “Usage penetration is exploding."

Four in 10 people, particularly young adults, make cell phone calls to kill time as well as themselves. [London Telegraph Oct 9/07]

Professor Mild, of Orbero University, Sweden is a Government adviser who led the research says children should not be allowed to use mobile phones. He and others want a revision of the emission standard for mobiles and other sources of radiation, which they describe as “inappropriate” and “not safe”. [London Telegraph Oct 9/07]

Dr. Salford says brain neurons that would normally not become senile until people reached their 60's, are doing so now when people reach their 30's because of cell phone exposure. [ RFSafe.com Nov26/03]

Cellular One's slogan - "Wherever you go, there we are" - takes on ominous overtones as uninformed people are buying cellphones worldwide at the rate of 25 thousand a day and succumb to PR campaigns like the one that shows a picture of a crib and bears the legend: "No Member of the Family Should Be Without One..." [Independent Mar 30/08]

3. The risk of contracting cancer from cell phones is about 4% of more than 2 billion users - 80 million people and rising at 25,000 new "users" every day. The risk of premature senility and contracting Alzheimer's is extreme. Most kids brought up using cell phones will be functionally senile by the time they are 30.

You only need 2000 hours on a cell - OR A CORDLESS - phone to qualify for a 2 to 4x increased likelihood of a brain (glioma) or ear (acoustic neuroma) tumor.

On a New Zealand news show, Dr. George Carlo called marketing strategies aimed at children, “grotesque” after identifying as many as 50,000 new cases of brain and eye cancer attributable to cell phone use being diagnosed every year. (Mobile users who wear metal-frame glasses intensify the exposure to their eyes and heads). Based on current epidemiological studies, that number will reach half a million cell phone cancer cases annually within the next two years. [IsraCast Technology News July 29/05]

After heading a $28 million cell phone study from 1993 through 2001, Dr. Carlos' finding “that RF causes genetic damage” was not welcomed by his cell phone industry sponsors. Ross Adey worked on similar research funded by Motorola in 1991. After he came to similar conclusions, Motorola was adamant that Adey never mention DNA damage and radiofrequency radiation in the same breath. [WSW July 11/02; wirelessconsumers.org Dec03/01]

BEYOND CANCER

It's not just cancer that makes cell phones so dangerous. Lloyid's of London refuses to insure phone manufacturers against the risk of subscribers developing cancer - and early onset Alzheimer's. [Observer Mar11/99]

“Cumulative DNA damage in nerve cells of the brain can lead to Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases.” One type of brain cell can become cancerous from these double-strand DNA breaks at lower than the current Specific Absorption Rate exposure-standard (4 watts/kg).

It is not the total energy associated with the EMF that is critical, but rather pulsed oscillations.
Many repetitions at the higher frequency close to subtle natural rhythms cause non-thermal threshold to be reached in a shorter time. This makes cellular processes “unusually sensitive to non-thermal ELF frequency fields.”

Dr. Henry Lai, a 20-year EMF researcher, and colleague Dr. N.P. Singh confirmed double-strand DNA breaks in test animals exposed for just two hours to pulsed, cell phone microwaves.
When you talk on your mobile phone at 800 MHz and 1,990 MHz, whipping anything back-and-forth 800 or 1,990 million times per second is bound to cause breakage in the double-strand DNA of human cells. [guardian.co.uk]

EM engineer Alasdair Philips of Britain's Powerwatch looked for people under age 40 using cell phones more than four hours a day, and found them already retired as “unfit for future work” due to early onset dementia. [EMFacts Consultancy Mar 26/03]

Stunned by an additional $4 billion a year in claims for drivers using cell phones, North American insurers discovered that juggling phones while driving is not causing a 600% increase in accidents. Cell phones are much worse than merely dangerous driving distractions. Tests conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy found that using a cellphone severely impairs a driver's memory and reaction times by disrupting signals to and within the brain. Hands-free mobile phones cause even more crashes because they typically emit 10-times more brainwave interference than handheld units.

Phoning from inside a car or truck is a bad call for everyone in the vehicle - especially children - because the surrounding steel structure amplifies cellphone emissions “by up to 10-fold,” the UK House of Commons Science and Technology Committee reports.

University of Toronto investigators report that the heightened probability of cracking up your car persists for up to a half-hour after completing a call.

“That's comparable to the risk of crashing while driving dead drunk,” exclaims Dr. Chris Runball, chairman of the B.C. Medical Association's emergency medical services committee. Motorists talking on cell phones are actually more impaired than drunk drivers with blood-alcohol levels exceeding 0.08. It doesn't matter whether the phone is hand-held or hands free. [Human Factors and Ergonomics Society]

If you put a 20-year-old driver behind the wheel with a cell phone, her reaction times are the same as a 70-year-old driver. But not as wise. [AP Feb 2/05; Human Factors Winter/05]

ELECTRICAL FIELDS AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

“The electricity that comes out of every power socket has associated low frequency electromagnetic fields. Various kinds of higher frequency radiowaves are used to transmit information - whether via TV antennas, radio stations or mobile phone base stations.”

“Radio, television, radar and cellular telephone antennas, and microwave ovens are the main sources of RF fields. These fields induce currents within the human body, which if sufficient can produce a range of effects.”

“A magnetic field is only produced once a device is switched on and current flows.”

Magnetic fields penetrate living tissue “easily.”

“Magnetic fields as low as around 2 milligauss or a millionth of a Tesla can produce biological effects. Using a cell phone or a PDA exposes you to magnetic pulses that peak at several tens of microtesla, which is well over the minimum needed to give harmful effects.” [Bioeffects Initiative report]

CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA

“Childhood leukemia is the most frequent childhood malignancy that peaks in the age group of 2 to about 5 years… This peak seems to have been newly evolved in the early quarter of the 20th century and may be due to electrification”… acting as synergistic activators of toxic chemical compounds, I add to the Bioeffects Initiative finding.

MELATONIN, ALZHEIMER'S AND BREAST CANCER

“Melatonin is found in nearly all organisms… it helps prevent both Alzheimer's disease and breast cancer. Long-term exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF, = 60 Hz) magnetic fields is associated with a decrease in melatonin production.”

“Amyloid beta protein is generally considered the primary neurotoxic agent causally associated with Alzheimer's disease. Melatonin can inhibit the development of Alzheimer's disease and, thus, low melatonin may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

“Low melatonin production is a likely risk factor for breast cancer… 11 of the 13 published epidemiologic residential and occupational studies are considered to provide (positive) evidence that high MF exposure can result in decreased melatonin production. (The two negative studies had important deficiencies that may certainly have biased the results.)”

“Some modulation patterns are more bioactive than others, for example, frequencies are similar to those found in brain wave patterns. Current public safety limits do not take modulation into account and thus are no longer sufficiently protective of public health where chronic exposure to pulsed or pulse-modulated signal is involved, and where sub-populations of more susceptible individuals may be at risk from such exposures.” [Bioeffects Initiative report]

LOW POWER IS VERY DANGEROUS

Cell phone researcher Dr. Peter Franch says unequivocally that brain and other “cells are permanently damaged by cellular phone frequencies.” This cellular damage, Franch notes, is maximized at low power. [guardian.co.uk]

Much like taking repeated blows to the head, rapidly pulsing cell phones signal permanent brain damage. And the high frequency range used in today's digital cell phones is also very close to the resonant frequency of human DNA, as well as the resonant frequency of the human skull case.

As the Bioeffects Initiative report points out: “Published laboratory studies have provided evidence for more than 40 years on bioeffects at much lower intensities than cited in the various widely publicized guidelines for limits to prevent harmful effects. Many of these reports show EMF-caused changes in processes associated with cell growth control, differentiation and proliferation which are the molecular and cellular basis of cancer.”

“Windows of intensity align across different carrier frequencies." [Bioeffects Initiative report]

IT'S NOT JUST THE CELL PHONES!

What about all these cell phone relay towers springing up everywhere?
Our bodies - and each one of our trillions of cells - are exquisitely sensitive receiving antennas.

There are currently over 210,000 cell towers, providing 81% wireless penetration in America alone, and one would be hard-pressed to find an inhabitable place on Earth that is not within range of cell frequency transmissions. [CTIA The Wireless Association June/07]

The work of researchers like Dr. Henry Lai, Dr. Ross Adey and Dr. Jerry Phillips show that such effects as DNA strand breaks are produced not only by short-term exposure at high intensity, but also by long-term, chronic exposure to low intensities - like that increasingly experienced by growing numbers of people from cell phone towers and microwave communication facilities.

Henry Lai found Radio Frequency Radiation like that from cell phone towers penetrates further into a child's small, growing skull.

As my friend Chris Anderson points out, “This is continuous exposure, and it is not optional.”

Sydney Australia first city to go wireless say a significant jump in allergies and deaths.

By 2005, more than 500 cell tower disputes around the country ended up in court. But federal law prohibits towns from rejecting a transmission tower on the grounds that it poses health concerns. [New York Times May 1/05]

Now, cell phones small enough to fit inside a cigarette case have decreased reception so base stations must boost their microwave transmissions 15% to 20%. [New York Times Mar 10/03]

Findings by the Associated Bioelectromagnetics Technologists show that RF exposure from cell phones and cell phone relay towers “is wholly correlated with the repeatedly documented increased incidence of autism - now reported by at least some researchers as greater than 1 per 100 newborn.”

COLTAN

A tiny piece of mineral used in your phone called coltan is causing a frenzied rush for its extraction in strip mines across the Congo - exploiting children, razing pristine forests, wiping out up to 90% of all mountain gorillas, and has already led to the rape of more than 250,000 women as old as 75 and girls as young as three.

Since consumers don't have any idea where the coltan in their phones comes from, please stop buying them until guidelines guaranteeing the provenance of cell phone and wireless laptop computers come in.

CONCLUSIONS OF THE BIOEFFECTS INITIATIVE REPORT

“The conclusion that, if health effects of commonly encountered RF exposures exist, they must be small, is wrong. The evidence points to a quite substantial hazard. Scientific research has shown that the public is not being protected from potential damage that can be caused by exposure to EMF, both power frequency (ELF) and radio frequency (RF).”

“There is a need for a biological standard to replace the thermal standard and to also protect against cumulative effects across the EM spectrum.”

One main conclusion from the worldwide NATO meetings in 2005: “Worldwide harmonization of standards have to be based on biological responses.”

“DNA damage (strand breaks), a cause of cancer, occurs at levels of ELF and RF that are below the safety limits. Also, there is no protection against cumulative effects stimulated by different parts of the EM spectrum.”

“ELF limits for public exposure should be revised to reflect increased risk of breast cancer at environmental levels possibly as low as 2 milliGauss or 3 mG.”

“There is substantial scientific evidence that some modulated fields (pulsed or repeated signals) are bioactive, which increases the likelihood that they could have health impacts with chronic exposure even at very low exposure levels. Modulation signals may interfere with normal, nonlinear biological processes.”

“Current standards have ignored modulation as a factor in human health impacts, and thus are inadequate in the protection of the public in terms of chronic exposure to some forms of ELFmodulated RF signals… The collective papers on modulation appear to be omitted from consideration.”

brain tumor patients reunion

A COMING CULL?

Professor Khurana has placed his considerable reputation behind warning: “Unless the industry and governments take immediate and decisive steps, the incidence of malignant brain tumours and associated death rate will be observed to rise globally within a decade from now - by which time it may be much too late to medically intervene.” [Independent Mar 30/08]

“Dr. George Carlo predicts surefire disaster, and the complete destruction of the health care system from electromagnetic radiation alone.” Right now, the Bioeffects Initiative report indicates that as many as one in 10 people suffer debilitating effects from electromagnetic sensitivities. EMR expert Chris Anderson predicts, “In the next 5 to 10 years, fully half the developed world's population could suffer disability from EMR. [Chris Anderson EMR expert - correspondence with the author.)

After carefully reviewing more than 100 clinical studies showing that using “hands free” and regular cell phones for 10 years or more can double the risk of brain cancer, PhD Vini Khurana - who has received 14 awards while publishing more than three dozen scientific papers - predicts that cell phones will kill far more people than either smoking or asbestos. Smoking continues to cull some five million people worldwide every year, while asbestos exposure in England continues to claim as many corpses as road accidents. [Independent Mar 30/08]

In September 2007, the EU's European Environment Agency (EEA) and the country of Germany both issued warnings to their citizens advising them to avoid the use of WiFi and cell phones until further long term studies are conducted, citing fears that the ubiquitous use of wireless technology has the potential to become the next public health disaster on the level of tobacco smoking, asbestos, and lead in automobile gas. [naturalnews.com]

Dr. Vini Khurana urges everyone to stop using cell phones immediately. [Independent Mar 30/08]

GUARANTEED CELL PHONE PROTECTION

Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, director general of the World Health Organisation, former Norwegian prime minister and licensed physician emphasized: Making shorter calls does not help, [Microwave News Mar-Apr/02; Dagbladet Norge Mar 9/02]

The only way to ensure complete protection against being turned into a zombie by cell phones is to avoid using them except in emergencies when no other voice communication is available - at the max, experts suggest, one or two minutes per month.

students playing wireless roulette at Angelo State U.

SEVEN THINGS YOU CAN DO

1. Do not use a cell phone for longer than one minute twice a month.

2. Do not live within two miles or five kilometers from a cell phone tower. Get the tower removed. Or move.

3. In your home, unplug all electrical appliances when not in use. (Switching TVs and similar devices “off” does not turn them off. Intersecting electrical fields result.)

4. Avoid using wireless routers and portable phones.

5. Keep your bedroom free of electrical appliances, especially near your head while you sleep. Use a battery-operated alarm clock - never a plug-in clock radio! Unplug lamps when not in use.

6. Replace dimmer switches with regular switches to eliminate high-frequency radiation - the "dirty electricity" hidden in your home's most likely improperly grounded electrical wiring. (Even if done to Code.)

7. Take the best quality daily vitamin and mineral supplements program you can get your hands on.

Scientists Launch Urgent Appeal against Cell Phones

sumber: http://www.akhirzaman.info/elektromagnetik/handphone/895-terbukti-telepon-seluler-bahaya-

You Don't Deserve Brain Cancer - You Deserve The Facts

2009-12-07T22:13:00.000-08:00

You Don't Deserve Brain Cancer - You Deserve The Facts
By Amy Worthington
observer@coldreams.com
2-23-5

Source: http://www.rense.com/general63/FACTS.HTM

What A Cell Phone Can Do To A Child's Brain In Just Two Minutes

2009-12-07T22:06:00.000-08:00

(What A Cell Phone Can Do To A Child's Brain In Just Two Minutes)
The Mirror - London
12-26-1

These are the first images that show the shocking effect that using a mobile phone has on a child's brain.

Scientists have discovered that a call lasting just two minutes can alter the natural electrical activity of a child's brain for up to an hour afterwards.

And they also found for the first time how radio waves from mobile phones penetrate deep into the brain and not just around the ear.

The study by Spanish scientists has prompted leading medical experts to question whether it is safe for children to use mobile phones at all.

Doctors fear that disturbed brain activity in children could lead to psychiatric and behavioural problems or impair learning ability.

It was the first time that human guinea pigs were used to measure the effects of mobile phone radiation on children. The tests were carried out on an 11-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl called Jennifer.

Using a CATEEN scanner, linked to a machine measuring brain wave activity, researchers were able to create the images above.

The yellow coloured part of the scan on the right shows how radiation spreads through the centre of the brain and out to the ear on the other side of the skull. The scans found that disturbed brain wave activity lasted for up to an hour after the phone call ended.

Dr Gerald Hyland - a Government adviser on mobiles - says he finds the results "extremely disturbing".

"It makes one wonder whether children, whose brains are still developing, should be using mobile phones," he adds.

"The results show that children's brains are affected for long periods even after very short-term use.

"Their brain wave patterns are abnormal and stay like that for a long period.

"This could affect their mood and ability to learn in the classroom if they have been using a phone during break time, for instance.

"We don't know all the answers yet, but the alteration in brain waves could lead to things like a lack of concentration, memory loss, inability to learn and aggressive behaviour."

Previously it had been thought that interference with brain waves and brain chemistry stopped when a call ended.

The results of the study by the Spanish Neuro Diagnostic Research Institute in Marbella coincide with a new survey that shows 87 per cent of 11- to 16-year-olds own mobile phones and 40 per cent of them spend 15 minutes or more talking each day on them. And disturbingly, 70 per cent said they would not change the use of their phone even if advised to by the Government.

Dr Hyland plans to publish the latest findings in medical journal The Lancet next year.

He said: "This information shows there really isn't a safe amount of mobile phone use. We don't know what lasting damage is being done by this exposure.

"If I were a parent I would now be extremely wary about allowing my children to use a mobile even for a very short period. My advice would be to avoid mobiles."

Dr Michael Klieeisen, who conducted the study, said: "We were able to see in minute detail what was going on in the brain.

"We never expected to see this continuing activity in the brain.

"We are worried that delicate balances that exist - such as the immunity to infection and disease - could be altered by interference with chemical balances in the brain."

A Department of Health spokesman said: "In children mobile phone use should be restricted to very short periods of time."

sumber: http://www.sundaymirror.co.uk/shtml/NEWS/P15S3.shtml

High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program

2009-12-07T21:56:00.000-08:00

(High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program)

by Dr Nick Begich and Jeane Manning
An article from Nexus Magazine Dec/Jan 1996

from MinmdControlForums Website

Scheduled to be fully operational by 1998, the US military’s HAARP transmitter is no mere auroral research project.

Its super-powerful radio-wave beam may irreparably damage the planets atmosphere and severely disrupt our mental and physical health.

HAARP BOILS THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE

HAARP will zap the upper atmosphere with a focused and steerable electromagnetic bean. It is an advanced model of an ’ionospheric heater’. (The ionosphere is the electrically-charged sphere surrounding the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It ranges between about 40 to 600 miles above Earth’s surface.)

Put simply, the apparatus for HAARP is a reversal of a radio telescope: antennas send out signals instead of receiving. HAARP is the test run for a super-powerful radio-wave beaming technology that lifts areas of the ionosphere by focusing a bean and heating those areas. Electromagnetic waves then bounce back onto Earth and penetrate everything - living and dead.

HAARP publicity gives the impression that the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program is mainly an academic project with the goal of changing the ionosphere to improve communications for our own good. However, other US military documents put it more clearly: HAARP aims to learn how to "exploit the ionosphere for Department of Defense purposes". Communicating with submarines is only one of those purposes.

Press releases and other information from the military on HAARP continually downplay what it could do. Publicity documents insist that the HAARP project is no different than other ionospheric heaters operating safely throughout the world in places such as Arecibo, Puerto Rico; Tromso, Norway; and the former Soviet Union. However, a 1990 government document document indicates that the radio frequency (RF) power zap will drive the ionosphere to unnatural activities:

...at the highest HF powers available in the West, the instabilities commonly studied are approaching their maximum RF energy disipative capability, beyond which the plasma processes will 'run away' until the next limiting factor is reached.

If the military, in cooperation with the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, can show that this new ground-based "Star Wars" technology is sound, they both win. The military has a relatively inexpensive defense shield and the university can brag about the most dramatic geophysical manipulation since atmospheric explosions of nuclear bombs. After successful testing, they would have the military megaprojects of the future and huge markets for Alaska's North Slope natural gas.

Looking at the other patents which built on the work of a Texas physicist named Bernard Eastlund, it becomes clearer how the military intends to use the HAARP transmitter. It also makes governmental denials less believable. The military knows how it intends to use this technology, and has made it clear in their documents. The military has deliberately misled the public through sophisticated word games, deceit and outright disinformation.

The military says the HAARP system could:

give the military a tool to replace the electromagnetic pulse effect of atmospheric thermonuclear devices. - replace the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) submarine communication system operating in Michigan and Wisconsin with a new and more compact technology. - be used to replace the over-the-horizon radar system that was once planned for the current location of HAARP, with a more flexible and accurate system; - provide a way to wipe out communications over an extremely large area, while keeping the military's own communications systems working; - provide a wide-area Earth-penetrating tomography which, if combined with the computing abilities of EMASS and Cray computers, would make it possible to verify many parts of nuclear nonproliferation and peace agreements
be a tool of goephysical probing to find oil, gas and mineral deposits offer a large area; - be used to detect incoming low-level planes and cruise missiles, making other technologies obsolete
The above abilities seem like a good idea to all who who believe in sound national defence and to those concerned about cost cutting. However, the possible uses which the HAARP records do not explain, and which can only be found in US Air Force, Army, Navy nd other federal agency records, are alarming. Moreover effects from the reckless use of these power levels in our natural shield - the ionosphere - could be cataclysmic, according to some scientists.

One Alaskan puts it bluntly. A founder of the "NO HAARP" movement, Clare Zickuhr, says: The military is going to give the ionosphere a big kick and see what happens.

The military failed to tell the public that they do not know what exactly will happen, but a Penn State science article brags about that uncertainty. Macho science? The HAARP project uses the largest energy levels yet played with, by what Begich and Manning call "the big boys with their new toys". It is an experiment on the sky and experiments are done to find something that is not already known. Independent scientists told Begich and Manning that a HAARP type 'skybuster' with its unforeseen effects could be an act of global vandalism.

HAARP HISTORY

The patents described below were the package of ideas which were originally controlled by ARCO Power Technologies Incorporated (APTI), a subsidiary of Atlantic Richfield Company, one of the biggest oil companies in the world. APTI was the contractor that built the HAARP facility. ARCO sold this subsidiary, the patents and the second phase construction contract to E-Systems in June 1994.

E-Systems is one of the biggest intelligence contractors in the world, doing work for the CIA, defence intelligence organisation and others. US$1.8 billion of their annual sales are to these organisations with US$800 million for black projects - projects so secret that even the United States Congress isn't told how the money is being spent.

E-Systems was bought out by Raytheon which is one of the largest defence contractors in the world.

Bernard J Eastlund's US Patent #4,686,605, "method and Apparatus for Altering a Region in the Earth's Atmosphere, Ionosphere, and/or Magnetosphere", was sealed for a year under a government secrecy order.

The Eastlund ionospheric heater was different: the radio frequency (RF) radiation was concentrated and focused to a point in the ionosphere. This difference throws an unprecedented amount of energy into the ionosphere. The Eastlund device would allow a concentration of one watt per cubic centimeter, compared to others only able to deliver about one millionth of one watt.

This huge difference could lift and change the ionosphere in the ways necessary to creat futuristic effects described in the patent. According to the patent, the work of Nikola Tesla in the early 1900's formed the basis of the research.

What would this technology be worth to ARCO, the owner of the patents? They could make enormous profits by beaming electrical power, without wires, from a power-house in the gas fields to the consumer.

Eastlund's patent said the technology can confuse or completely disrupt airplanes and missiles sophisticated guidance systems. Further, this ability to spray large areas of Earth with electromagnetic waves of varying frequencies - and to control changes in those waves - make it possible to knock out communications on land or sea as well as in the air. The patent said:

Thus, this invention provides the ability to put unprecedented amounts of power in the Earth's atmosphere at strategic locations and to maintain the power injection level, particularly if random pulsing is employed, in a manner far more precise and better controlled than heretofore accomplished by the prior art, particularly by detonation of nuclear devices of various yields at various altitudes it is possible not only to interfere with third party communications but to take advantage of one or more such beams to carry out a communications network even though the rest of the world's communications are disrupted.

Put another way, what is used to disrupt another's communications can be employed by one knowledgeable of this invention as a communication network at the same time. ...large regions of the atmosphere could be lifted to an unextraordinarily high altitude so that missiles encounter unexpected drag forces with resultant destruction. Weather modification is possible by, for example, altering upper atmosphere wind patterns by construction one or more plumes of atmospheric particles which will act as a lens or focusing device.

Molecular modifications of the atmosphere can take place so that positive environmental effects can be achieved. Besides actually changing the molecular composition of an atmospheric region, a particular molecule or molecules can be chosen for increased presence. For example, ozone, nitrogen, etc concentrations in the atmosphere could be artificially increased.

Begich found 11 other APTI patents. They told how to make "Nuclear-sized Explosions without Radiation", power beaming systems, over-the-horizon radar, detection systems for missiles carrying nuclear warheads, electromagnetic pulses previously produced by thermonuclear weapons and other "Star Wars" tricks. This cluster of patents underlay the HAARP weapons system.

MENTAL MANIPULATION

Related research by Begich and Manning uncovered bizarre schemes. For example, US Air Force documents revealed that a system had been developed for manipulating and disrupting human mental processes through pulsed radio-frequency radiation (the stuff of HAARP) over large geographical areas.

The most telling material about this technology came from writings of Zbigniew Brzezinski (former National Security Adviser to US President Carter) and J. F. MacDonald (Science Adviser to US President Johnson and a Professor of Geophysics at UCLA), as they wrote about use of power beaming transmitters for geophysical and environmental warfare. The documents showed how these effects might be caused, and the negative effects on human health and thinking.

The mental-disruption possibilities for HAARP are the most disturbing. More than 40 pages of the book, with dozens of footnotes, chronicle the work of Harvard professors , military planners and scientists as they plan and test this use of the electromagnetic technology. For example, one of the papers describing this use was from the International Red Cross in Geneva. It even gave the frequency ranges where these effects could occur - the same ranges which HAARP is capable of broadcasting.

The following statement was made more than 25 years ago in a book which Brzezinski wrote while a professor at Columbia University:

Political strategists are tempted to exploit research on the brain and human behaviour. Geophysicist Gordon J. F. MacDonald - specialist in problems of warfare - says accurately-timed, artificially excited electronic strokes could lead to a pattern of oscillations that produce relatively high power levels over certain regions of the Earth. In this way, one could develop a system that would seriously impair the brain performance of very large populations in selected regions over an extended period. No matter how deeply disturbing the thought of using the environment to manipulate behaviour for national advantages, to some the technology permitting such use will very probably develop within the next few decades.

In 1966, MacDonald was a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee and later a member of the President's Council on Environmental Quality. he published papers on the use of environmental control technologies for military purposes. The most profound comment he made as a geophysicist was:

The key to geophysical warfare is the identification of environmental instabilities to which the addition of a small amount of energy would release vastly greater amounts of energy.

While yesterday's geophysicists predicted today's advances, are HAARP program managers delivering on the vision? The geophysicists recognized that adding energy to the environmental soup could have large effects. However, humankind has already added substantial amounts of electromagnetic energy into our environment without understanding what might constitute critical mass. The book by Begich and Manning raises questions. Have these additions been without effect, or is there a cumulative amount beyond which irreparable damage can be done? Is HAARP another step in a journey from which we cannot turn back? Are we about to embark on another energy experiment which unleashes another set of demons from Pandora's box?

As early as 1970, Zbigniew Brzezinski predicted a "more controlled and directed society" would gradually appear, linked to technology. This society would be dominated by an elite group which impresses voters by allegedly superior scientific know-how. Angels Don't Play This HAARP further quotes Brzeziski: Unhindered by the restraints of traditional liberal values, this elite would not hesitate to achieve its political ends by using the latest modern techniques for influencing public behaviour and keeping society under close surveillance and control. Technical and scientific momentum would then feed on the situation it exploits.

His forecasts proved accurate. Today, a number of new tools for the "elite" are emerging, and the temptation to use them increases steadily. The policies to permit the tools to be used are already in place. How could the USA be changed bit by bit, into the predicted, highly-controlled techno-society? Among the 'stepping stones' Brzezinski expected were persisting social crises and use of the mass media to gain the public's confidence.

In another document prepared by the government, the US Air Force claims:

"The potential applications of artificial electromagnetic fields are wide-ranging and can be used in many military of quasi-military situations... Some of these potential uses include dealing with terrorist groups, crowd control, controlling breaches of security at military installations, and antipersonnel techniques in tactical warfare. In all of these cases the EM (electromagnetic) systems would be used to produce mild to severe physiological disruption or perceptual distortion or disorientation. In addition, the ability of individuals to function could be degraded to such a point that they would be combat-ineffective.

Another advantage of electro-magnetic systems is that they can provide coverage over large areas with a single system. They are silent, and countermeasures to them may be difficult to develop... One last area where electro-magnetic radiation may prove of some value is in enhancing abilities of individuals for anomalous phenomena.

Do these comments point to uses already somewhat developed? The author of the government report refers to an earlier Air Force document about the uses of the radio-frequency radiation in combat situations.

The United States congressional record deals with the use of HAARP for penetrating the earth with signals bounced off the ionosphere. These signals are used to look inside the planet to a depth of many kilometers in order to locate underground munitions, minerals and tunnels. For 1996, the US Senate has set aside US$15 million to develop this ability alone: Earth penetrating tomography.

The problem is that the frequency needed for Earth-penetrating radiations is within the frequency range most cited for disruption of human mental functions. It may also have profound effects on migration patterns of fish and wild animals which rely on an undisturbed energy field to find their routes. As if electromagnetic pulses in the sky and mental disruption were not enough, Eastlund bragged that the super powerful ionospheric heater could control weather.

Begich and Manning brought to light government documents indicating that the military has weather-control technology. When HAARP is eventually built to its full power level, it could create weather effects over entire hemispheres. If one government experiments with the world’s weather patterns, what is done in one place will impact everyone else on the planet. Angels Don’t Play This HAARP explains a principle behind some of Nikola Tesla’s inventions - resonance - which affects planetary systems.

BUBBLE OF ELECTRIC PARTICLES

Angels... includes interviews with independent scientists such as Elizabeth Rauscher. She has a PhD, a long and impressive career in high-energy physics, and has been published in prestigious science journals and books. Rauscher commented on HAARP:

"You're pumping tremendous energy into an extremely delicate molecular configuration that comprises these multi-layers we call the ionosphere"

The ionosphere is prone to catalytic reactions, she explained: if a small part is changed, a major change in the ionosphere can happen. In describing the ionosphere as a delicately balanced system, Dr Rauscher shared her mental picture of it: a soap bubble like sphere surrounding Earth's atmosphere, with movements swirling over the surface of the bubble. If a big enough hole is punched through it, she predicts it could pop.

SLICING THE IONOSPHERE

Physicist Daniel Winter, PhD of Waynesville, North Carolina, says HAARP high-frequency emissions can couple with the long-wave pulses the Earth grid uses to distribute information as vibrations to synchronize dances of life in the biosphere. Dan terms this geomagnetic action "Earth’s information bloodstream", and says it is likely that coupling of HAARP, HF with natural ELF can cause unplanned, unsuspected side-effects.

CRUDELY PLUCKING THE STRINGS

Second concept: As Earth rotates, HAARP will slice across geomagnetic flux... a donut shaped spool of magnetic strings - like longitude meridians on maps. HAARP may not ’cut’ these strings in Gaia’s magnetic mantle, but will pulse each thread with harsh, out-of-harmony high frequencies. These noisy impulses will vibrate goemagnetic flux lines, sending vibrations all through the geomagnetic web. Effects of this interference with symphonies of Gaia’s geomagnetic harp are unknown, and I suspect barely thought of. Even if thought of, the intent is to learn to exploit any effects, not to play in tune with global symphonies.

FEVERISH EARTH

Among other researchers quoted is Paul Schaefer of Kansas City. His degree is in electrical engineering and he spent four years building nuclear weapons. He says: But most of the theories that we have been taught by scientists to believe in seem to be falling apart.

Schaefer talks about imbalances already caused by the industrial and atomic age, especially by radiation of large numbers of tiny, high-velocity particles "like very small spinning tops" into our environment. The unnatural level of motion of highly energetic particles in the atmosphere and in radiation belts surrounding Earth is the villain in weather disruptions, according to this model which describes Earth discharging its build-up of heat, relieving stress and regaining a balanced condition through earthquakes and volcanic action

Source: http://www.akhirzaman.info/elektromagnetik/senjata-elektromagnetik/922-haarp-perusakan-langit-dengan-frekuensi-tinggi

High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program

2009-12-07T20:50:00.000-08:00

HAARP
(High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program)

by Dr Nick Begich and Jeane Manning
An article from Nexus Magazine Dec/Jan 1996

from MinmdControlForums Website

Scheduled to be fully operational by 1998, the US military’s HAARP transmitter is no mere auroral research project.

Its super-powerful radio-wave beam may irreparably damage the planets atmosphere and severely disrupt our mental and physical health.

HAARP BOILS THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE

HAARP will zap the upper atmosphere with a focused and steerable electromagnetic bean. It is an advanced model of an ’ionospheric heater’. (The ionosphere is the electrically-charged sphere surrounding the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It ranges between about 40 to 600 miles above Earth’s surface.)

Put simply, the apparatus for HAARP is a reversal of a radio telescope: antennas send out signals instead of receiving. HAARP is the test run for a super-powerful radio-wave beaming technology that lifts areas of the ionosphere by focusing a bean and heating those areas. Electromagnetic waves then bounce back onto Earth and penetrate everything - living and dead.

HAARP publicity gives the impression that the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program is mainly an academic project with the goal of changing the ionosphere to improve communications for our own good. However, other US military documents put it more clearly: HAARP aims to learn how to "exploit the ionosphere for Department of Defense purposes". Communicating with submarines is only one of those purposes.

Press releases and other information from the military on HAARP continually downplay what it could do. Publicity documents insist that the HAARP project is no different than other ionospheric heaters operating safely throughout the world in places such as Arecibo, Puerto Rico; Tromso, Norway; and the former Soviet Union. However, a 1990 government document document indicates that the radio frequency (RF) power zap will drive the ionosphere to unnatural activities:

...at the highest HF powers available in the West, the instabilities commonly studied are approaching their maximum RF energy disipative capability, beyond which the plasma processes will 'run away' until the next limiting factor is reached.

If the military, in cooperation with the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, can show that this new ground-based "Star Wars" technology is sound, they both win. The military has a relatively inexpensive defense shield and the university can brag about the most dramatic geophysical manipulation since atmospheric explosions of nuclear bombs. After successful testing, they would have the military megaprojects of the future and huge markets for Alaska's North Slope natural gas.

Looking at the other patents which built on the work of a Texas physicist named Bernard Eastlund, it becomes clearer how the military intends to use the HAARP transmitter. It also makes governmental denials less believable. The military knows how it intends to use this technology, and has made it clear in their documents. The military has deliberately misled the public through sophisticated word games, deceit and outright disinformation.

The military says the HAARP system could:

*

give the military a tool to replace the electromagnetic pulse effect of atmospheric thermonuclear devices. - replace the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) submarine communication system operating in Michigan and Wisconsin with a new and more compact technology. - be used to replace the over-the-horizon radar system that was once planned for the current location of HAARP, with a more flexible and accurate system; - provide a way to wipe out communications over an extremely large area, while keeping the military's own communications systems working; - provide a wide-area Earth-penetrating tomography which, if combined with the computing abilities of EMASS and Cray computers, would make it possible to verify many parts of nuclear nonproliferation and peace agreements
*

be a tool of goephysical probing to find oil, gas and mineral deposits offer a large area; - be used to detect incoming low-level planes and cruise missiles, making other technologies obsolete
*

The above abilities seem like a good idea to all who who believe in sound national defence and to those concerned about cost cutting. However, the possible uses which the HAARP records do not explain, and which can only be found in US Air Force, Army, Navy nd other federal agency records, are alarming. Moreover effects from the reckless use of these power levels in our natural shield - the ionosphere - could be cataclysmic, according to some scientists.

One Alaskan puts it bluntly. A founder of the "NO HAARP" movement, Clare Zickuhr, says: The military is going to give the ionosphere a big kick and see what happens.

The military failed to tell the public that they do not know what exactly will happen, but a Penn State science article brags about that uncertainty. Macho science? The HAARP project uses the largest energy levels yet played with, by what Begich and Manning call "the big boys with their new toys". It is an experiment on the sky and experiments are done to find something that is not already known. Independent scientists told Begich and Manning that a HAARP type 'skybuster' with its unforeseen effects could be an act of global vandalism.

HAARP HISTORY

The patents described below were the package of ideas which were originally controlled by ARCO Power Technologies Incorporated (APTI), a subsidiary of Atlantic Richfield Company, one of the biggest oil companies in the world. APTI was the contractor that built the HAARP facility. ARCO sold this subsidiary, the patents and the second phase construction contract to E-Systems in June 1994.

E-Systems is one of the biggest intelligence contractors in the world, doing work for the CIA, defence intelligence organisation and others. US$1.8 billion of their annual sales are to these organisations with US$800 million for black projects - projects so secret that even the United States Congress isn't told how the money is being spent.

E-Systems was bought out by Raytheon which is one of the largest defence contractors in the world.

Bernard J Eastlund's US Patent #4,686,605, "method and Apparatus for Altering a Region in the Earth's Atmosphere, Ionosphere, and/or Magnetosphere", was sealed for a year under a government secrecy order.

The Eastlund ionospheric heater was different: the radio frequency (RF) radiation was concentrated and focused to a point in the ionosphere. This difference throws an unprecedented amount of energy into the ionosphere. The Eastlund device would allow a concentration of one watt per cubic centimeter, compared to others only able to deliver about one millionth of one watt.

This huge difference could lift and change the ionosphere in the ways necessary to creat futuristic effects described in the patent. According to the patent, the work of Nikola Tesla in the early 1900's formed the basis of the research.

What would this technology be worth to ARCO, the owner of the patents? They could make enormous profits by beaming electrical power, without wires, from a power-house in the gas fields to the consumer.

Eastlund's patent said the technology can confuse or completely disrupt airplanes and missiles sophisticated guidance systems. Further, this ability to spray large areas of Earth with electromagnetic waves of varying frequencies - and to control changes in those waves - make it possible to knock out communications on land or sea as well as in the air. The patent said:

Thus, this invention provides the ability to put unprecedented amounts of power in the Earth's atmosphere at strategic locations and to maintain the power injection level, particularly if random pulsing is employed, in a manner far more precise and better controlled than heretofore accomplished by the prior art, particularly by detonation of nuclear devices of various yields at various altitudes it is possible not only to interfere with third party communications but to take advantage of one or more such beams to carry out a communications network even though the rest of the world's communications are disrupted.

Put another way, what is used to disrupt another's communications can be employed by one knowledgeable of this invention as a communication network at the same time. ...large regions of the atmosphere could be lifted to an unextraordinarily high altitude so that missiles encounter unexpected drag forces with resultant destruction. Weather modification is possible by, for example, altering upper atmosphere wind patterns by construction one or more plumes of atmospheric particles which will act as a lens or focusing device.

Molecular modifications of the atmosphere can take place so that positive environmental effects can be achieved. Besides actually changing the molecular composition of an atmospheric region, a particular molecule or molecules can be chosen for increased presence. For example, ozone, nitrogen, etc concentrations in the atmosphere could be artificially increased.

Begich found 11 other APTI patents. They told how to make "Nuclear-sized Explosions without Radiation", power beaming systems, over-the-horizon radar, detection systems for missiles carrying nuclear warheads, electromagnetic pulses previously produced by thermonuclear weapons and other "Star Wars" tricks. This cluster of patents underlay the HAARP weapons system.

MENTAL MANIPULATION

Related research by Begich and Manning uncovered bizarre schemes. For example, US Air Force documents revealed that a system had been developed for manipulating and disrupting human mental processes through pulsed radio-frequency radiation (the stuff of HAARP) over large geographical areas.

The most telling material about this technology came from writings of Zbigniew Brzezinski (former National Security Adviser to US President Carter) and J. F. MacDonald (Science Adviser to US President Johnson and a Professor of Geophysics at UCLA), as they wrote about use of power beaming transmitters for geophysical and environmental warfare. The documents showed how these effects might be caused, and the negative effects on human health and thinking.

The mental-disruption possibilities for HAARP are the most disturbing. More than 40 pages of the book, with dozens of footnotes, chronicle the work of Harvard professors , military planners and scientists as they plan and test this use of the electromagnetic technology. For example, one of the papers describing this use was from the International Red Cross in Geneva. It even gave the frequency ranges where these effects could occur - the same ranges which HAARP is capable of broadcasting.

The following statement was made more than 25 years ago in a book which Brzezinski wrote while a professor at Columbia University:

Political strategists are tempted to exploit research on the brain and human behaviour. Geophysicist Gordon J. F. MacDonald - specialist in problems of warfare - says accurately-timed, artificially excited electronic strokes could lead to a pattern of oscillations that produce relatively high power levels over certain regions of the Earth. In this way, one could develop a system that would seriously impair the brain performance of very large populations in selected regions over an extended period. No matter how deeply disturbing the thought of using the environment to manipulate behaviour for national advantages, to some the technology permitting such use will very probably develop within the next few decades.

In 1966, MacDonald was a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee and later a member of the President's Council on Environmental Quality. he published papers on the use of environmental control technologies for military purposes. The most profound comment he made as a geophysicist was:

The key to geophysical warfare is the identification of environmental instabilities to which the addition of a small amount of energy would release vastly greater amounts of energy.

While yesterday's geophysicists predicted today's advances, are HAARP program managers delivering on the vision? The geophysicists recognized that adding energy to the environmental soup could have large effects. However, humankind has already added substantial amounts of electromagnetic energy into our environment without understanding what might constitute critical mass. The book by Begich and Manning raises questions. Have these additions been without effect, or is there a cumulative amount beyond which irreparable damage can be done? Is HAARP another step in a journey from which we cannot turn back? Are we about to embark on another energy experiment which unleashes another set of demons from Pandora's box?

As early as 1970, Zbigniew Brzezinski predicted a "more controlled and directed society" would gradually appear, linked to technology. This society would be dominated by an elite group which impresses voters by allegedly superior scientific know-how. Angels Don't Play This HAARP further quotes Brzeziski: Unhindered by the restraints of traditional liberal values, this elite would not hesitate to achieve its political ends by using the latest modern techniques for influencing public behaviour and keeping society under close surveillance and control. Technical and scientific momentum would then feed on the situation it exploits.

His forecasts proved accurate. Today, a number of new tools for the "elite" are emerging, and the temptation to use them increases steadily. The policies to permit the tools to be used are already in place. How could the USA be changed bit by bit, into the predicted, highly-controlled techno-society? Among the 'stepping stones' Brzezinski expected were persisting social crises and use of the mass media to gain the public's confidence.

In another document prepared by the government, the US Air Force claims:

"The potential applications of artificial electromagnetic fields are wide-ranging and can be used in many military of quasi-military situations... Some of these potential uses include dealing with terrorist groups, crowd control, controlling breaches of security at military installations, and antipersonnel techniques in tactical warfare. In all of these cases the EM (electromagnetic) systems would be used to produce mild to severe physiological disruption or perceptual distortion or disorientation. In addition, the ability of individuals to function could be degraded to such a point that they would be combat-ineffective.

Another advantage of electro-magnetic systems is that they can provide coverage over large areas with a single system. They are silent, and countermeasures to them may be difficult to develop... One last area where electro-magnetic radiation may prove of some value is in enhancing abilities of individuals for anomalous phenomena.

Do these comments point to uses already somewhat developed? The author of the government report refers to an earlier Air Force document about the uses of the radio-frequency radiation in combat situations.

The United States congressional record deals with the use of HAARP for penetrating the earth with signals bounced off the ionosphere. These signals are used to look inside the planet to a depth of many kilometers in order to locate underground munitions, minerals and tunnels. For 1996, the US Senate has set aside US$15 million to develop this ability alone: Earth penetrating tomography.

The problem is that the frequency needed for Earth-penetrating radiations is within the frequency range most cited for disruption of human mental functions. It may also have profound effects on migration patterns of fish and wild animals which rely on an undisturbed energy field to find their routes. As if electromagnetic pulses in the sky and mental disruption were not enough, Eastlund bragged that the super powerful ionospheric heater could control weather.

Begich and Manning brought to light government documents indicating that the military has weather-control technology. When HAARP is eventually built to its full power level, it could create weather effects over entire hemispheres. If one government experiments with the world’s weather patterns, what is done in one place will impact everyone else on the planet. Angels Don’t Play This HAARP explains a principle behind some of Nikola Tesla’s inventions - resonance - which affects planetary systems.

BUBBLE OF ELECTRIC PARTICLES

Angels... includes interviews with independent scientists such as Elizabeth Rauscher. She has a PhD, a long and impressive career in high-energy physics, and has been published in prestigious science journals and books. Rauscher commented on HAARP:

"You're pumping tremendous energy into an extremely delicate molecular configuration that comprises these multi-layers we call the ionosphere"

The ionosphere is prone to catalytic reactions, she explained: if a small part is changed, a major change in the ionosphere can happen. In describing the ionosphere as a delicately balanced system, Dr Rauscher shared her mental picture of it: a soap bubble like sphere surrounding Earth's atmosphere, with movements swirling over the surface of the bubble. If a big enough hole is punched through it, she predicts it could pop.

SLICING THE IONOSPHERE

Physicist Daniel Winter, PhD of Waynesville, North Carolina, says HAARP high-frequency emissions can couple with the long-wave pulses the Earth grid uses to distribute information as vibrations to synchronize dances of life in the biosphere. Dan terms this geomagnetic action "Earth’s information bloodstream", and says it is likely that coupling of HAARP, HF with natural ELF can cause unplanned, unsuspected side-effects.

CRUDELY PLUCKING THE STRINGS

Second concept: As Earth rotates, HAARP will slice across geomagnetic flux... a donut shaped spool of magnetic strings - like longitude meridians on maps. HAARP may not ’cut’ these strings in Gaia’s magnetic mantle, but will pulse each thread with harsh, out-of-harmony high frequencies. These noisy impulses will vibrate goemagnetic flux lines, sending vibrations all through the geomagnetic web. Effects of this interference with symphonies of Gaia’s geomagnetic harp are unknown, and I suspect barely thought of. Even if thought of, the intent is to learn to exploit any effects, not to play in tune with global symphonies.

FEVERISH EARTH

Among other researchers quoted is Paul Schaefer of Kansas City. His degree is in electrical engineering and he spent four years building nuclear weapons. He says: But most of the theories that we have been taught by scientists to believe in seem to be falling apart.

Schaefer talks about imbalances already caused by the industrial and atomic age, especially by radiation of large numbers of tiny, high-velocity particles "like very small spinning tops" into our environment. The unnatural level of motion of highly energetic particles in the atmosphere and in radiation belts surrounding Earth is the villain in weather disruptions, according to this model which describes Earth discharging its build-up of heat, relieving stress and regaining a balanced condition through earthquakes and volcanic action

Teoria BCS I Mais detalhes

2009-10-17T22:17:00.001-07:00

Teoria BCS

A Teoria BCS foi proposta por John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, e John Robert Schrieffer e explica o fenômeno da supercondutividade.

Afirma principalmente que os elétrons em um material quando no estado supercondutor se agrupam em pares chamados pares de Cooper. Os pares de Cooper são elétrons condensados em estados de menor energia. Esta formação de pares de Cooper depende da microestrutura do material, da forma da rede cristalina, já que este par de elétrons se move de forma acoplada com a rede.

Independentemente e ao mesmo tempo, este fenômeno de supercondutividade foi explicado por Nikolay Bogoliubov por meio das então chamadas transformações de Bogoliubov.

Em muitos supercondutores, a interação atrativa entre elétrons (necessariamente aos pares) é conduzida aproximada e indiretamente pela interação entre os elétrons e a estrutura do cristal em vibração (os fônons).

Um elétron que move-se através de um condutor atrairá cargas positivas próximas na estrutura. Esta deformação da estrutura faz com que um outro elétron, com “spin” oposto, mova-se na região de uma densidade de carga positiva mais elevada. Os dois elétrons são mantidos unidos então com alguma energia de ligação. Se esta energia de ligação é mais elevada do que a energia fornecida por impulsos dos átomos de oscilação no condutor (o que é verdadeiro a baixas temperaturas), então os pares de elétrons manter-se juntos e resistirão aos impulsos, não experimentando resistência.

A teoria BCS foi desenvolvida em 1957 por John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, e Robert Schrieffer e eles receberam o Prêmio Nobel de Física em 1972 por esta teoria.

Em 1986, a "supercondutividade a alta temperatura" foi descoberta (i.e. supercondutividade a temperaturas consideravelmente acima do limite prévio de aproximadamente 30 K; acima de aproximadamente 130 K). Acredita-se que nestas temperaturas outros efeitos estão em jogo; estes efeitos não são ainda inteiramente compreendidos. (É possível que estes efeitos desconhecidos igualmente controlam a supercondutividade mesmo em baixas temperaturas para alguns materiais).

Mais detalhes

A teoria BCS inicia da suposição que existe alguma atração entre elétrons, a qualpode suplantar a repulsão de Coulomb. Na maioria dos materiais (em supercondutores a baixa temperatura), esta atração é conduzida aproximadamente de maneira indireta pelo acoplamento dos elétrons à estrutura cristalina(como explicado acima). Entretanto, os resultados da teoria BCS não depende da origem da interação atrativa. Os resultados originais da BCS (discutidos abaixo) descrevem um estado supercondutor onda s, o qual é a regra entre supercondutores de baixa temperatura mas não é realizada em muitos "supercondutores não convencionais", como supercondutores de alta temperatura "onda d". As extensões da teoria de BCS existem para descrever estes outros casos, embora sejam insuficientes para descrever completamente as características observadas da supercondutividade de alta temperatura.

BCS é hábil para dar uma aproximação para o estado mecânico quântico do sistema de elétrons (atrativamente interagindo) dentro do metal. Este estado é sabido agora como de "o estado BCS". No estado normal de um metal, os elétrons movem-se independente, visto que no estado BCS, são ligados em "pares de Cooper" pela interações atrativas.

BCS derivou diversas predições teóricas importantes que são independente dos detalhes da interação, desde que as predições quantitativas mencionadas abaixo prendem para toda a atração suficientemente fraca entre os elétrons e esta última circunstância é cumprido para muitos supercondutores da baixa temperatura - do "o exemplo assim chamado fraco-acoplamento". Estes foram confirmados em numerosos experimentos:

Desde que os elétrons são limitados em pares de Cooper, uma quantidade finita de energia é necessário quebrar distante estes em dois elétrons independentes. Isto significa que há de "uma abertura (janela) de energia" para a "excitação de partícula única", ao contrário no metal normal (onde o estado de um elétron pode ser mudado adicionando arbitrariamente uma pequena quantidade de energia). Esta abertura de energia é mais alta a baixa temperatura mas desaparece na temperatura de transição quando supercondutividade cessa de existir. A teoria BCS corretamente prediz a variação desta abertura com temperatura. Igualmente dá uma expressão que mostra como a abertura cresce com a força da interação atrativa e a (fase normal) da partícula única densidade dos estados na energia de Fermi. Além disso, descreve como a densidade dos estados é mudada em incorporar o estado supercondutor, onde não há qualquer estado eletrônico na energia de Fermi. A abertura de energia é observada o mais diretamente em experiências de tunelamento e na reflexão das microondas de supercondutor.

source: wikipedia

BCS-theorie I Geschiedenis I Achtergrond I Technisch

2009-10-17T22:17:00.000-07:00

BCS-theorie

BCS-theorie is een microscopische theorie voor het beschrijven van het fenomeen supergeleiding. De theorie werd voorgesteld begin jaren '50, door de fysici Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer. Het achterliggende mechanisme wat in deze theorie aanleiding geeft tot supergeleiding, is het vormen van elektronenparen, zogeheten Cooperparen. Deze gepaarde elektronen zijn bosonen, en kunnen dus vervolgens een Bose-Einsteincondensaat vormen.

Geschiedenis

Hoewel de ontdekking van supergeleiding reeds in 1911 plaats had, met name door de Nederlandse fysicus Kamerlingh Onnes, heeft het erg lang geduurd voor fysici een goede beschrijving van dit intrigerende fenomeen konden geven. Mede vertraagd door de Wereldoorlogen, zou het duren tot de jaren '50 voordat echte vordering werd gemaakt in het begrijpen van dit kwantummechanisch fenomeen. De eerste echte vooruitgang werd gemaakt door de fysicus Fritz London, welke de naar hem genoemde Londonvergelijkingen opstelde. In 1955 slaagde John Bardeen er in om het Meissner-effect beschrijven, een typisch effect in supergeleiders. Een jaar later kon tot slot Leon Neil Cooper, voortbouwend op het werk van Bardeen, aantonen dat elektronen onder bepaalde speciale omstandigheden (voldoende lage temperatuur) gebonden paren kunnen vormen, en zo aanleiding geven tot supergeleiding.

In 1957 bundelden Bardeen, Cooper en Schrieffer hun ideeën in een theorie, de zogeheten BCS theory. Hiervoor, en voor werk dat daar op volgde, ontvingen ze in 1972 de Nobelprijs voor de Natuurkunde.

Achtergrond

De elektronen van een metaal zijn fermionen, en bovendien geladen. Dat wil zeggen dat elektronen niet in dezelfe kwantumtoestand kunnen zitten, en onderlinge elektrostatische afstoting ondervinden. In BCS-theorie wordt beschreven hoe in speciale omstandigheden (o.a. lage temperatuur) deze kracht kan overwonnen vormen, en dus elektronen gebonden paren vormen. Aangezien een paar fermionen een boson vormt, kunnen al deze paren bovendien in dezelfde kwantumtoestand zitten, een fenomeen dat men Bose-Einstein condensatie noemt. Deze paren hebben verder de bijzondere eigenschap dat ze geen kleine energie-pakketjes kunnen absorberen. (Er is immers een minimale hoeveelheid energie nodig om een Cooperpaar te breken.) Als men dus een potentiaalverschil oplegt, zullen deze paren bewegen (= elektrische stroom), zonder energie te verliezen aan wrijving (door botsingen met het metaalrooster). Dat wil dus precies zeggen dat er supergeleiding optreedt: het vloeien van stroom zonder weerstand.

Uiteraard is er een bepaalde energie, boven dewelke de Cooperparen wel zullen breken. Als de stroom te hoog is, of de temperatuur te hoog, of als er een te groot extern magnetisch veld opgelegd wordt, zal supergeleiding ophouden, en zal er weer normale geleiding optreden.

Technisch

BCS-theorie beschrijft interacties tussen elektronen en fononen in een rooster. De aantrekkende interactie tussen elektronen in de supergeleidende toestand wordt effectief tot stand gebracht door de tweede orde interactie tussen elektronen, via een virtueel fonon. Er bestaan ook intuïtieve verklaringen voor de aantrekkingskracht in termen van interacties met het rooster via fonenen.

Andere theorieën voor supergeleiding

Voor de opmars van BCS-theorie, in 1950, was er ook door Landau-Ginzburg een theorie voor supergeleiding voorgesteld. Ook kon de fysicus Nikolay Bogoliubov gelijktijdig een verklaring voor supergeleiding geven, met behulp van de zogeheten Bogoliubov-transformaties.

Successen en tekortkomingen van BCS-theorie

BCS-theorie slaagt er met succes in verschillende fenomenen en eigenschappen van supergeleiders te verklaren. Onder meer het verband tussen de energie E nodig om een Cooperpaar te breken, en de kritische temperatuur T_c onder de welke een materiaal supergeleidend wordt. Deze verhouding is 3.5, onafhankelijk van het materiaal in kwestie. Ook voorspelt de theorie correct het Meissner-effect, i.e. de uitstoting van een extern magnetisch veld uit de supergeleider. Deze bijzondere eigenschap van supergeleiders werd eerder al experimenteel ontdekt door Walther Meissner en Robert Ochsenfeld in 1933, en was dus onmisbaar voor een goede theorie van supergeleiding. Tot slot slaagt de theorie er ook in om te verklaren dat er een kritische waarde is van het externe magneetveld, waarbij supergeleiding kan bestaan in een materiaal. Boven die waarde worden de Cooperparen gebroken, en treedt er weer gewone geleiding op.

Hoewel BCS-theorie dus een groot succesverhaal is in het begrijpen en beschrijven van supergeleiding, blijkt dat niet elke supergeleider kan beschreven worden met deze theorie. In 1986 werd het fenomeen "hoge-temperatuur supergeleiding" ontdekt. Dit betreft materialen, welke supergeleidend blijven tot temperaturen boven 30 K. Dat in tegenstelling tot was BCS-theorie voorspelt. Dat wijst er dus op dat deze materialen (ook wel onconventionele supergeleiders genoemd dus onmogelijk vallen te beschrijven Het ontwikkelen van een goede theorie van onconventionele supergeleiders is een onopgelost probleem en grote uitdaging voor hedendaags onderzoek in de fysica.

source: wikipedia

Théorie BCS I Origine de l'attraction entre les électrons I Conséquence de l'existence d'une interaction attractive

2009-10-17T22:10:00.000-07:00

La théorie BCS est une théorie complète de la supraconductivité qui fut proposée en 1957 par John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, et John Robert Schrieffer. Elle explique la supraconductivité par la formation de paires d'électrons (paires de Cooper) sous l'effet d'une interaction attractive entre électrons résultant de l'échange de phonons. Pour leur travail, ces auteurs obtinrent le prix Nobel de physique en 1972.

Origine de l'attraction entre les électrons

Il est possible de comprendre l'origine de l'attraction entre les électrons grâce à un argument qualitatif simple. Dans un métal, les électrons chargés négativement exercent une attraction sur les ions positifs qui se trouvent dans leur voisinage. Ces ions étant beaucoup plus lourds que les électrons, ils ont une plus grande inertie. Pour cette raison, lorsqu'un électron est passé près d'un ensemble d'ions positifs, ces ions ne reviennent pas immédiatement à leur position d'équilibre d'origine. Il en résulte un excès de charges positives à l'endroit où cet électron est passé. Un second électron sentira donc une force attractive résultant de cet excès de charges positives. Bien évidemment, les électrons et les ions doivent être décrits par la mécanique quantique, en tenant compte de l'indiscernabilité des électrons, et cet argument qualitatif est justifié par des calculs plus rigoureux. Le traitement théorique complet utilise les méthodes de la seconde quantification, et se base sur le Hamiltonien de Frohlich:

où $c k,σ$ est un opérateur d'annihilation pour un électron de spin $σ$ , et de quasi-impulsion $k$ , $b q$ est l'opérateur d'annihilation d'un phonon de quasi-impulsion $q$ , et sont les opérateurs de création correspondants, et $g (k, q)$ est l'élément de matrice du couplage électron-phonon. Ce terme décrit l'émission ou l'absorption de phonons par les électrons. Dans ces processus, la quasi-impulsion est conservée.

Au moyen d'une transformation canonique, on peut éliminer l'interaction électron-phonon du Hamiltonien de Frohlich pour obtenir une interaction effective entre les électrons. Une approche alternative consiste à utiliser la théorie de perturbation au second ordre dans le couplage électron phonon. Dans cette approche, un électron émet un phonon virtuel qui est aussitôt absorbé par un autre électron. Ce processus est la version quantique de l'argument qualitatif semi-classique du début du paragraphe. On trouve un élément de matrice pour l'interaction entre les électrons de la forme:

Cet élément de matrice est en général positif, ce qui correspond à une interaction répulsive, mais pour ce terme devient négatif ce qui correspond à une interaction attractive. Ces interactions attractives créées par échange de bosons virtuels ne sont pas limitées à la physique de la matière condensée. Un autre exemple est l'interaction attractive entre nucléons dans les noyaux atomiques par échange de mésons prédite par Hideki Yukawa.

Conséquence de l'existence d'une interaction attractive

Leon N. Cooper a prédit en considérant deux électrons en présence d'une mer de Fermi inerte et possédant une interaction attractive faible, que quelle que soit la force de cette interaction ces deux particules formeraient un état lié, appelé paire de Cooper. Ce résultat n'est pas trivial, car il est connu en mécanique quantique, qu'en trois dimensions, pour deux particules isolées, une interaction attractive trop faible ne permet pas la formation d'états liés (voir Landau et Lifchitz t.3). La présence de la mer de Fermi, qui interdit aux deux particules d'occuper les niveaux d'énergie inférieure à l'énergie de Fermi est l'élément qui permet l'existence de l'état lié pour une interaction faible. L'énergie de cet état lié s'annule avec la force de l'attraction avec une singularité essentielle, ce qui indique que l'état lié ne peut pas s'obtenir par une théorie de perturbation dans l'interaction électron-électron.

Le calcul de Cooper est critiquable en ce sens qu'il ne considère que deux électrons et suppose que les autres électrons qui sont sous la surface de Fermi échappent à l'effet de l'interaction. La théorie BCS lève cette objection en traitant tous les électrons sur un pied d'égalité. Le Hamiltonien de la théorie BCS s'écrit en seconde quantification:

Bardeen, Cooper et Schrieffer ont introduit une fonction d'onde variationnelle pour décrire l'état fondamental de ce Hamiltonien de la forme:

Cette fonction d'onde variationnelle décrit la création de paires de Cooper par l'opérateur . Une paire de Cooper est donc formée de deux électrons de spin opposés et de quasi-impulsions opposées. Plus généralement, une paire de Cooper est formée de deux électrons dans des états reliés l'un à l'autre par renversement du temps. Cette propriété permet de comprendre l'existence de l'effet Meissner dans un supraconducteur. En effet, en présence d'un champ magnétique, la dégénérescence entre états reliés par renversement du temps est levée ce qui réduit l'énergie de liaison des paires de Cooper. Pour garder l'énergie libre gagnée en formant les paires de Cooper, il est avantageux lorsque le champ magnétique est suffisamment faible de l'expulser du supraconducteur. Au delà d'un certain champ magnétique, il est plus avantageux de détruire la supraconductivité soit localement (supraconducteurs de type II) ou globalement (supraconducteurs de type I).

La fonction d'onde de BCS présente une certaine analogie avec les fonctions d'onde d'états cohérents de l'oscillateur harmonique et plus généralement les fonctions d'onde d'états cohérents bosoniques. Cette analogie indique en particulier que dans l'état fondamental du Hamiltonien de BCS la quantité: . Cette propriété est la signature d'un ordre non-diagonal à longue distance. Cet ordre non-diagonal est lié à la brisure de la symétrie de jauge U(1). En effet, si on change les phases des opérateurs de création, (ce qui est une symétrie du Hamiltonien BCS), on change la valeur moyenne du paramètre d'ordre. La fonction d'onde BCS qui a une symétrie plus basse que le Hamiltonien BCS décrit donc une brisure spontanée de symétrie de jauge. Dans la théorie de Ginzburg-Landau, le paramètre d'ordre $ψ$ qui décrit l'état supraconducteur est proportionnel à comme l'a montré L. P. Gor'kov par des méthodes de fonctions de Green.

Une méthode plus simple a été introduite par Bogoliubov et Valatin pour étudier le Hamiltonien BCS. Elle se base sur l'introduction de nouvelles particules par la transformation de Bogoliubov. P. W. Anderson a aussi introduit une méthode utilisant des opérateurs de pseudospins. Enfin, il est possible de reformuler la théorie BCS à l'aide de fonctions de Green et de diagrammes de Feynman.

Thermodynamique d'un supraconducteur selon la théorie BCS

Conséquences de la théorie BCS

Effet isotopique

Pic de cohérence dans le taux de relaxation $1 / T 1$ en résonance magnétique nucléaire (Hebel et Slichter).

Effet Josephson

Observation du gap supraconducteur par effet tunnel (Giaever).

Théorie de Bogoliubov-de Gennes

Théorie d'Eliashberg

Dans certains matériaux tels que le plomb, il n'est pas possible de traiter l'interaction électron-phonon par la théorie des perturbations. Une théorie plus complète de la supraconductivité prenant en compte le couplage électron-phonon est nécessaire. Cette théorie a été développée par Eliashberg.

Applications à l'hélium 3

Dans l'hélium 3, une transition superfluide a été observée dans les années 1970 par Douglas Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson et David M. Lee.
Comme l'hélium 3 est formé de fermions (alors que l'hélium 4 est formé de bosons), cette transition de phase ne peut pas être une condensation de Bose. Cependant, la superfluidité de l'hélium 3 peut être expliquée de manière analogue à la supraconductuvité des métaux par la formation de paires de Cooper entre les atomes d'hélium 3. Il existe dans l'hélium 3 deux phases superfluides décrites par les théories de Balian-Werthamer et d'Anderson-Brinkman-Morel.

source: wikipedia

Teoría BCS I Contexto histórico I Resultados I La ecuación de la banda prohibida

2009-10-17T21:35:00.000-07:00

Teoría BCS

Placa en la Universidad de Illinois, donde se conmemora el Premio Nobel recibido por John Bardeen gracias al desarrollo de la teoría BCS.

La Teoría BCS (que recibe su nombre de las iniciales de quienes la idearon: John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, y John Robert Schrieffer) fue propuesta en julio de 1957 intentando explicar el fenómeno de la superconductividad. En 1972 los tres recibieron el Premio Nobel de Física gracias a esta teoría.

Esta teoría está considerada como la teoría más importante en el campo de la superconductividad desde el punto de vista microscópico (es decir, tratando de explicar las propiedades de los superconductores a partir de primeros principios). Sin embargo, como se explica más abajo, gran parte de los superconductores siguen sin contar con una explicación satisfactoria.

Contexto histórico

Previamente a la aparición de la teoría BCS, en 1950, Vitaly Ginzburg y Lev Landau presentaron la teoría Ginzburg-Landau, que explicaba varios aspectos de la superconductividad. Sin embargo, las condiciones de la Guerra fría y la poca comunicación que conllevaba entre los miembros de la comunidad científica impidieron que esta teoría influyera sustancialmente el trabajo de Bardeen, Cooper y Schrieffer.

Tras la publicación de la teoría, en 1958, Nikolai Bogoliubov la reafirmó mostrando que la función de onda BCS, que en un principio había sido calculada variacionalmente, se podía obtener también mediante una transformación canónica del hamiltoniano electrónico. Un año más tarde Lev Gor'kov relacionó la teoría BCS con la de Ginzburg-Landau demostrando que esta última es un caso particular de la BCS para temperaturas próximas a la temperatura crítica. El artículo de Gor'kov, publicado en inglésy en ruso, fue a su vez una manera de conciliar ambas teorías a ambos lados del Telón de Acero.

Se considera que en 1964, durante la Conferencia Internacional sobre la Ciencia de la Superconductividad, se alcanzó cierto consenso entre los participantes acerca de la validez de la teoría BCS.

Fundamentos

La atracción de los electrones

La teoría se basa en el hecho de que los portadores de carga no son electrones sino parejas de electrones (conocidas como pares de Cooper). Los electrones habitualmente se repelen debido a que tienen igual carga. Sin embargo, cuando se hallan inmersos en una red cristalina (es decir, la microestructura del material) es posible que la energía entre ellos sea negativa (atractiva) en lugar de positiva (repulsiva), de manera que se creen parejas para minimizar la energía.

Es posible comprender el origen de la atracción entre los electrones gracias a un argumento cualitativo simple. En un metal, los electrones, al tener carga negativa, ejercen una atracción sobre los iones positivos que se encuentran en su vecindad. Estos iones al ser mucho más pesados que los electrones, tienen una inercia mucho mayor. Por esta razón, mientras que un electrón pasa cerca de un conjunto de iones positivos, estos iones no vuelven inmediatamente a su posición de equilibrio original. Ello resulta en un exceso de cargas positivas en el lugar por el que el electrón ha pasado. Un segundo electrón sentirá pues una fuerza atractiva resultado de este exceso de cargas positivas.

Formalmente se suele decir que los electrones interaccionan entre sí mediante fonones, siendo estos una especie de partícula imaginaria que representa la vibración de la red cristalina (generada en este caso por el paso de los electrones).

La banda prohibida superconductora

E_k es, en el marco de la teoría BCS, la diferencia de energía entre un sistema en que todos los electrones están en estado superconductor formando pares de Cooper (que sería el estado fundamental), y ese mismo sistema con un único electrón desapareado en el estado k (que es el primer estado excitado).

Esta especie de "energía de enlace" entre los dos electrones se suele llamar banda prohibida superconductora o, por contagio del inglés, gap superconductor, y se denota Δ. El concepto no está relacionado con la banda prohibida de los semiconductores, salvo en que se comporta de forma parecida.

En un conductor en estado normal (es decir, cuando no es superconductor), es posible excitar un electrón añadiéndole cualquier energía que queramos. Simplemente aumentaremos su energía cinética en igual proporción. Sin embargo, en el caso de un par de Cooper es distinto: si le aplicamos una energía inferior a 2Δ (el doble, debido a que la banda prohibida se toma como energía por electrón), no lograremos excitarlo dado que no romperemos el par. Si la energía es superior a 2Δ, entonces el par se rompe y la energía que le sobre se convierte en energía cinética de los electrones.

Resultados

Fenómenos previos que explica

Algunos de los hechos que son explicados con éxito por esta teoría, y que eran bien conocidos antes de 1957, son los siguientes:

La existencia de una temperatura crítica, por debajo de la cual el material pasa al estado superconductor.
La existencia de una discontinuidad en el calor específico al pasar al estado superconductor, con el hecho notable de que, independientemente del material, en el estado superconductor es 2.43 veces mayor que en el normal (para T = T_c).
El efecto Meissner, descubierto 24 años antes, y por el cual el campo magnético es expulsado del interior del material superconductor, dando lugar a efectos muy populares, como la levitación de imanes.
El efecto isotópico, descubierto 7 años antes, y según el cual , es decir, para distintos isótopos de un elemento superconductor dado, la temperatura crítica es inversamente proporcional a la raíz cuadrada del número másico: cuanto más pesados son los iones positivos, más difícil es alcanzar el estado superconductor. Este efecto jugó un papel muy importante, porque indicó que el estado superconductor tenía algo que ver con la red cristalina, y no tanto con interacciones como el acoplamiento espín-órbita o el acoplamiento espín-espín.

Predicciones explicadas después experimentalmente

En abril de 1957 (tan sólo algunos meses antes de que la teoría BCS saliera a la luz) Richard Feynman, que por entonces se dedicaba al estudio de la superfluidez y la superconductividad, dijo:

No creo que nadie haya calculado nada en física del estado sólido antes de que apareciera el resultado experimental, ¡así que lo único que hemos hecho hasta ahora ha sido predecir lo que ya habíamos observado!
Richard FeynmanSuperfluidity and Superconductivity

Este pensamiento personal (olvidando la Teoría de la Relatividad General) revela la importancia histórica que tuvo la famosa predicción de la teoría BCS:

La razón entre el valor de la banda prohibida en el cero absoluto y la temperatura crítica es alrededor de 3.5k_B, independientemente del material, siendo su valor teórico:

(donde γ es la constante de Euler-Mascheroni, aproximadamente 0.577).

Lo que dicho de otro modo, viene a significar que si un material tiene una temperatura crítica de 1 K, su banda prohibida será de alrededor de 0.0003 eV. Se realizaron varios experimentos para poner a prueba esta predicción, y se vio que efectivamente en la mayoría de los casos este cociente da un valor cercano a 3.5. La explicación de cómo se llega a este resultado se halla más abajo, en la sección de teoría.

Teoría

Tratamiento mecano-cuántico

Evidentemente, este argumento cualitativo se justifica por cálculos más rigurosos pues el comportamiento de los electrones y los iones deben describirse por medio de la mecánica cuántica. El tratamiento teórico completo utiliza los métodos de la segunda cuantización, y se basan en el hamiltoniano de Fröhlich:

donde $c k,σ$ es un operador de aniquilación para un electrón de espín $σ$ , y de momento $k$ , $b q$ es el operador de aniquilación de un fonón de momento $q$ , y son los operadores de creación correspondientes, y $g (k, q)$ es el elemento de matriz de acoplamiento electrón-fonón. Este término describe la emisión o la absorción de fonones por los electrones. Notar que en este proceso, el momento se conserva.

Por medio de una transformación canónica, se puede eliminar la interacción electrón-fonón del hamiltoniano de Fröhlich para obtener una interacción efectiva entre los electrones. Una aproximación alternativa consiste en utilizar la teoría de perturbaciones de segundo orden en el acoplamiento electrón fonón. En esta aproximación un electrón emite un fonón virtual que es absorbido por otro electrón. Este proceso es la versión cuántica del argumento cualitativo semi-clásico explicado antes. Se encuentra un elemento de matriz para la interacción entre los electrones de la forma:

Este término matricial es en general positivo, lo que corresponde a una interacción repulsiva, pero por el término se hace negativo lo que corresponde a una interacción atractiva. Estas interacciones atractivas creadas por intercambio de bosones virtuales no se limitan a la física de la materia condensada pues la interacción atractiva entre nucleones en los núcleos atómicos se explica mediante el intercambio de mesones.

Superconductividad en el cero absoluto

Desde el punto de vista teórico, por sencillez, se suele estudiar en primer lugar cómo se comportan los superconductores cuando estamos en el cero absoluto, y en segundo lugar el caso más general, que es cómo se comporta el material a medida que aumentamos la temperatura hasta llegar a la temperatura crítica (y su paso al estado normal).

Así, es posible explicar la relación entre la superconductividad y el efecto isotópico mediante un desarrollo matemático por el cual se llega a:

donde Δ es la banda prohibida y ω_D es la frecuencia de Debye. De esta forma, puesto que V₀N(0) es una constante que depende del material, vemos que la banda prohibida es proporcional a la energía de excitación , y puesto que esta a su vez es proporcional a , tenemos que la banda prohibida está relacionada con el efecto isotópico.

La ecuación de la banda prohibida

Para valores arbitrarios de la temperatura, siempre que esta esté entre 0 y la temperatura crítica, es posible llegar a un importante resultado que se conoce como ecuación de la banda prohibida:

Con esta ecuación, es posible explicar gran número de propiedades de los materiales superconductores, como por ejemplo la ya mencionada relación entre la banda prohibida y la temperatura crítica con un factor 3.53: para ello basta con tener en cuenta que según nos acercamos a la temperatura crítica, el valor de la banda prohibida tiende a cero, de modo que

de modo que

de esta forma, convirtiendo el sumatorio en una integral, nos quedará algo del tipo:

y resolviendo la integral nos quedará que

de donde se puede llegar sin dificultad a la famosa relación ya mencionada.

Limitaciones

Aunque la teoría es notable en cuanto que fue la primera en arrojar luz en este campo, está lejos de ser la teoría definitiva. He aquí algunos ejemplos de ello:

No logra explicar todos los superconductores

Esta teoría explicó bien el comportamiento de ciertos superconductores, conocidos como superconductores convencionales (la mayoría de los cuales son superconductores de tipo I, como el aluminio, el plomo o el mercurio), pero fallaba a la hora de predecir resultados experimentales para los llamados superconductores no convencionales (que suelen ser sustancias más complejas, como aleaciones, cerámicas o fulerenos).

No obstante, hay otra teoría, la teoría Ginzburg-Landau que es de gran ayuda en el estudio de los superconductores no convencionales desde el punto de vista macroscópico (es decir, renunciando a explicar las propiedades rigurosamente a partir de la ecuación de Schrödinger).

Entre estos superconductores no convencionales se encuentran los superconductores de alta temperatura (aquellos que pueden encontrarse en estado superconductor por encima de 77 K), los cuales son famosos porque a día de hoy aún no se ha encontrado una explicación satisfactoria de sus propiedades.

No logra predecir qué materiales serán superconductores

Aun conociendo las propiedades de un material a temperaturas elevadas, la teoría tampoco consigue predecir si éste alcanzará el estado superconductor o no, puesto que se da por sentado que la superconductividad está asociada a la interacción electrón-fonón. Partiendo de esta idea, se supone que una sustancia debería tener más probablididades de ser superconductora a temperaturas relativamente elevadas en los siguientes casos:

interacción electrón-fonón elevada
densidad de estados electrónica elevada
iones de poca masa

Sin embargo, en la práctica, se ha visto que la correlación es muy débil al medir estas propiedades frente al hecho de que la muestra sea superconductora.

source: wikipedia

BCS theory I History I Overview I More details

2009-10-17T21:25:00.000-07:00

BCS theory

BCS theory is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity, proposed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer in 1957 since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911. It describes superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of pairs of electrons into a boson-like state.

History

The mid 1950s saw rapid progress in the understanding of superconductivity. It began in the 1948 paper On the Problem of the Molecular Theory of Superconductivity where Fritz London proposed that the phenomonological London equations may be consequences of the coherence of a quantum state. In 1953 Brian Pippard, motivated by penetration experiments, proposed that this would modify the London equations via a new scale parameter called the coherence length. John Bardeen then argued in the 1955 paper Theory of the Meissner Effect in Superconductors that such a modification naturally occurs in a theory with an energy gap. The key ingredient was Leon Neil Cooper's calculation of the bound states of electrons subject to an attractive force in his 1956 paper Bound Electron Pairs in a Degenerate Fermi Gas.

In 1957 Bardeen and Cooper assembled these ingredients and constructed such a theory, the BCS theory, with Robert Schrieffer. The theory was first announced in February 1957 in the letter Microscopic theory of superconductivity. The demonstration that the phase transition is second order, that it reproduces the Meissner effect and the calculations of specific heats and penetration depths appeared in the July 1957 article Theory of superconductivity. They received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1972 for this theory. The 1950 Landau-Ginzburg theory of superconductivity is not cited in either of the BCS papers.

In 1986, "high-temperature superconductivity" was discovered (i.e. superconductivity at temperatures considerably above the previous limit of about 30 K; up to about 130 K). It is believed that at these temperatures other effects are at play; these effects are not yet fully understood. (It is possible that these unknown effects also control superconductivity even at low temperatures for some materials).

Overview

At sufficiently low temperatures, electrons near the Fermi surface become unstable against the formation of Cooper pairs. Cooper showed such binding will occur in the presence of an attractive potential, no matter how weak. In conventional superconductors, an attraction is generally attributed to an electron-lattice interaction. The BCS theory, however, requires only that the potential be attractive, regardless of its origin. In the BCS framework, superconductivity is a macroscopic effect which results from "condensation" of Cooper pairs. These have some bosonic properties, while bosons, at sufficiently low temperature, can form a large Bose-Einstein condensate. Superconductivity was simultaneously explained by Nikolay Bogoliubov, by means of the so-called Bogoliubov transformations.

In many superconductors, the attractive interaction between electrons (necessary for pairing) is brought about indirectly by the interaction between the electrons and the vibrating crystal lattice (the phonons). Roughly speaking the picture is the following:

An electron moving through a conductor will attract nearby positive charges in the lattice. This deformation of the lattice causes another electron, with opposite "spin", to move into the region of higher positive charge density. The two electrons are then held together with a certain binding energy. If this binding energy is higher than the energy provided by kicks from oscillating atoms in the conductor (which is true at low temperatures), then the electron pair will stick together and resist all kicks, thus not experiencing resistance.

More details

BCS theory starts from the assumption that there is some attraction between electrons, which can overcome the Coulomb repulsion. In most materials (in low temperature superconductors), this attraction is brought about indirectly by the coupling of electrons to the crystal lattice (as explained above). However, the results of BCS theory do not depend on the origin of the attractive interaction. The original results of BCS (discussed below) described an "s-wave" superconducting state, which is the rule among low-temperature superconductors but is not realized in many "unconventional superconductors", such as the "d-wave" high-temperature superconductors. Extensions of BCS theory exist to describe these other cases, although they are insufficient to completely describe the observed features of high-temperature superconductivity.

BCS is able to give an approximation for the quantum-mechanical many-body state of the system of (attractively interacting) electrons inside the metal. This state is now known as the "BCS state". In the normal state of a metal, electrons move independently, whereas in the BCS state, they are bound into "Cooper pairs" by the attractive interaction. The BCS formalism is based on the "reduced" potential for the electrons attraction. Within this potential, a variational ansatz for the wave function is proposed. This ansatz was later shown to be exact in the dense limit of pairs. Note that the continous crossover between the dilute and dense regimes of attracting pairs of fermions is still an open problem, which now attracts a lot of attention within the field of ultracold gases.

Successes of the BCS theory

BCS derived several important theoretical predictions that are independent of the details of the interaction, since the quantitative predictions mentioned below hold for any sufficiently weak attraction between the electrons and this last condition is fulfilled for many low temperature superconductors - the so-called "weak-coupling case". These have been confirmed in numerous experiments:

The electrons are bound into Cooper pairs, and these pairs are correlated due to the Pauli exclusion principle for the electrons, from which they are constructed. Therefore, in order to break a pair, one has to change energies of all other pairs. This means there is an "energy gap" for "single-particle excitation", unlike in the normal metal (where the state of an electron can be changed by adding an arbitrarily small amount of energy). This energy gap is highest at low temperatures but vanishes at the transition temperature when superconductivity ceases to exist. The BCS theory gives an expression that shows how the gap grows with the strength of the attractive interaction and the (normal phase) single particle density of states at the Fermi energy. Furthermore, it describes how the density of states is changed on entering the superconducting state, where there are no electronic states any more at the Fermi energy. The energy gap is most directly observed in tunneling experiments and in reflection of microwaves from the superconductor.

BCS theory predicts the dependence of the value of the energy gap E at temperature T on the critical temperature T_c. The ratio between the value of the energy gap at zero temperature and the value of the superconducting transition temperature (expressed in energy units) takes the universal value of 3.5, independent of material. Near the critical temperature the relation asymptotes to

which is of the form suggested the previous year by M. J. Buckingham in Very High Frequency Absorption in Superconductors based on the fact that the superconducting phase transition is second order, that the superconducting phase has a mass gap and on Blevins, Gordy and Fairbank's experimental results the previous year on the absorption of millimeter waves by superconducting tin.

Due to the energy gap, the specific heat of the superconductor is suppressed strongly (exponentially) at low temperatures, there being no thermal excitations left. However, before reaching the transition temperature, the specific heat of the superconductor becomes even higher than that of the normal conductor (measured immediately above the transition) and the ratio of these two values is found to be universally given by 2.5.

BCS theory correctly predicts the Meissner effect, i.e. the expulsion of a magnetic field from the superconductor and the variation of the penetration depth (the extent of the screening currents flowing below the metal's surface) with temperature. This had been demonstrated experimentally by Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld in their 1933 article Ein neuer Effekt bei Eintritt der Supraleitfähigkeit.

It also describes the variation of the critical magnetic field (above which the superconductor can no longer expel the field but becomes normal conducting) with temperature. BCS theory relates the value of the critical field at zero temperature to the value of the transition temperature and the density of states at the Fermi energy.

In its simplest form, BCS gives the superconducting transition temperature in terms of the electron-phonon coupling potential and the Debye cutoff energy:

The BCS theory reproduces the isotope effect, which is the experimental observation that for a given superconducting material, the critical temperature is inversely proportional to the mass of the isotope used in the material. The isotope effect was reported by two groups on the 24th of March 1950, who discovered it independently working with different mercury isotopes, although a few days before publication they learned of each other's results at the ONR conference in Atlanta, Georgia. The two groups are Emanuel Maxwell, who published his results in Isotope Effect in the Superconductivity of Mercury and C. A. Reynolds, B. Serin, W. H. Wright, and L. B. Nesbitt who published their results 10 pages later in Superconductivity of Isotopes of Mercury. The choice of isotope ordinarily has little effect on the electrical properties of a material, but does affect the frequency of lattice vibrations, this effect suggested that superconductivity be related to vibrations of the lattice. This is incorporated into the BCS theory, where lattice vibrations yield the binding energy of electrons in a Cooper pair.

source: wikipedia

SMES

2009-10-16T07:48:00.000-07:00

SMES

Le SMES désigne Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (Stockage d'énergie magnétique supraconductrice). Ce système permet de stocker de l'énergie sous la forme d'un champ magnétique créé par la circulation d'un courant continu dans un anneau supraconducteur qui a été refroidi à une température en dessous de sa température critique.

Un système SMES typique comprend trois parties : une bobine supraconductrice, un système de refroidissement et une réfrigération cryogénique. Une fois que la bobine supraconductrice est chargée, le courant ne va pas diminuer et l’énergie magnétique peut être stockée indéfiniment.

L’énergie stockée peut être délivrée au réseau en déchargeant l’anneau. Le système de refroidissement utilise un onduleur/redresseur pour transformer le courant alternatif en courant continu ou convertir le continu en alternatif. L’onduleur/redresseur génère 2 à 3% des pertes d’énergie. Les pertes du SMES sont les plus faibles comparés à d’autres techniques de stockage. Les systèmes SMES sont très efficaces.

En raison de l’énergie requise pour la réfrigération et le coût des matériaux supraconducteurs, le SMES est utilisé pour un stockage court. En France, les plus gros prototypes (plusieurs centaines de kJ) ont été réalisés à Grenoble, au département MCBT de l'Institut Néel avec l'aide de partenaires comme la DGA et Nexans. L'application visée est l'alimentation d'un canon électromagnétique à des fins militaires ou civils.

source: wikipedia

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage I Estructura y funcionamiento I Aplicaciones

2009-10-16T07:34:00.000-07:00

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

SMES (Almacenamiento de energía magnética por superconducción)

El almacenamiento de energía magnética por superconducción (en inglés Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage o SMES) designa un sistema de almacenamiento de energía que permite almacenar ésta bajo la forma de un campo magnético creado por la circulación de una corriente continua en un anillo superconductor que está refrigerado a una temperatura por debajo de la temperatura crítica de superconductividad.

Estructura y funcionamiento

Un sistema SMES típico tiene tres componentes:

Una bobina superconductora.
Un sistema de electrónica de potencia.
Un sistema de refrigeración criogénico.

Una vez que la bobina superconductora se carga, la corriente ya no disminuye y la energía magnética puede almacenarse indefinidamente. La energía almacenada puede ser entregada a la red descargando al anillo. Para extraer la energía se interrumpe la corriente que circula por la bobina abriendo y cerrando repetidamente un conmutador de estado sólido del sistema de electrónica de potencia. Debido a su alta inductancia, la bobina se comporta como una fuente de corriente que puede utilizarse para cargar un condensador que proporciona una entrada de tensión continua a un inversor que produce la tensión alterna requerida. El sistema de potencia origina del 2% al 3% de pérdidas de energía. Sin embargo los SMES son muy eficientes, pues sus pérdidas son muy bajas comparadas con las de otros sistemas de almacenamiento de energía.

Aplicaciones

Debido a la energía absorbida por el sistema de refrigeración y a los costes de los materiales superconductores, los SMES se utilizan para el almacenamiento de energía de corta duración, siendo su aplicación más común la mejora de la calidad de onda en las redes públicas de distribución de electricidad, típicamente la neutralización de los huecos de tensión y los microcortes.

source: wikipedia

Supraleitender Magnetischer Energiespeicher I Berechnung der gespeicherten Energie

2009-10-16T07:05:00.000-07:00

Supraleitender Magnetischer Energiespeicher

Supraleitende Magnetische Energiespeicher (SMES) speichern Energie in einem durch Gleichstrom in einer supraleitenden Spule erzeugten Magnetfeld. Die Spule wird mittels Kryotechnik mit flüssigem Helium unter der Sprungtemperatur auf 4,3 Kelvin (= -269 °C) gekühlt.

Ein typischer SMES besteht aus einer supraleitenden Spule, einer Kühlung und einem Energieaufbereitungssystem. Wenn die supraleitende Spule einmal geladen ist, nimmt der Strom nicht ab und die magnetische Energie kann über längere Zeit gespeichert werden.

Die gespeicherte Energie kann wieder ins Netzwerk zurückgespeist werden, indem die Spule entladen wird. Das Energieaufbereitungssystem benutzt einen Wechselrichter/Gleichrichter, um den Wechselstrom in Gleichstrom, welcher im SMES gespeichert werden kann, und zurück in Wechselstrom umzuwandeln. Dabei kann je Wandelvorgang etwa 2 bis 3 % der Energie in Form von Wärmeabgabe nicht genutzt werden. SMES sind vergleichsweise effizient; beim Speichern selbst geht kaum Energie verloren.

Allerdings ist der Energieaufwand für die Kühlung hoch und durch die hohen Kosten von Supraleitern werden SMES im Jahre 2009 vor allem zur kurzzeitigen Speicherung von Energie verwendet.

Vergleich mit anderen Methoden zur Energiespeicherung

Der wohl wichtigste Vorteil von SMES ist die kurze Verzögerung beim Laden und Entladen. Die Energie ist sofort verfügbar und es kann eine hohe Leistung in einer kurzen Zeit bereitgestellt werden. Andere Methoden zur Energiespeicherung, wie zum Beispiel die Pumpspeicherwerke haben eine wesentlich größere Verzögerung von einigen Minuten, da die Energie von mechanischer in elektrische Energie umgewandelt werden muss. Weitere Vorteile sind, dass der Energieverlust extrem klein ist und dass sie sehr zuverlässig sind, da die wesentlichen Teile des SMES unbeweglich sind. Nachteilig sind der hohe Aufwand an Leistungselektronik und Notwendigkeit der ständigen Kühlung auf extrem tiefe Temperaturen.

Berechnung der gespeicherten Energie

Um die in einem SMES gespeicherte Energie zu berechnen, multipliziert man die Hälfte der Induktivität mit dem Quadrat der Stromstärke.

Wobei

E = Energie in Joule

L = Induktivität in Henry

I = Stromstärke in Ampere

Praktischer Einsatz

Schneller Kompensator im Sägewerk

Der erste SMES in Europa wurde vom Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe und von der Universität Karlsruhe gemeinsam entwickelt und in einem Sägewerk in Fischweier/Albtal am Niederspannungsnetz des Badenwerks eingesetzt. Es hat eine Speicherkapazität von maximal 200 Kilojoule (kJ) und eine Leistung von 80 kVA. Der SMES besteht aus 6 Magnetmodulen die als Solenoid zusammengesetzt sind. Jedes Magnetmodul enthält 1000 Windungen des 1,3 mm dicken NbTi-Supraleiters und hat einen Durchmesser von 36 cm. Damit erreicht der Gesamtaufbau eine Induktivität von 4,37 H und kommt mit einem Strom von 300 A aus, um die geforderte Energie zu speichern. Die Energiedichte beträgt etwa 150 kJ/m³.

source: wikipedia

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Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage I Estructura y funcionamiento I Aplicaciones

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SMES (Almacenamiento de energía magnética por superconducción)

Estructura y funcionamiento

Aplicaciones

Supraleitender Magnetischer Energiespeicher I Berechnung der gespeicherten Energie

Supraleitender Magnetischer Energiespeicher

Vergleich mit anderen Methoden zur Energiespeicherung

Berechnung der gespeicherten Energie

Praktischer Einsatz

Schneller Kompensator im Sägewerk

Texe's newest video, Face to Face With the Devil, is available now.

~ 60 Minutes ~
~ DVD Only ~
~ $25.00 ~

Order your copy now by clicking here.

Can Devils Inhabit Material Objects?